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Urinary Tract Calculi I: Introduction

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Renal calculi, or kidney stones, are solid deposits of minerals and salts formed inside the kidneys. In medical terminology, "calculus" refers to the stone itself, while "lithiasis" describes the process of stone formation. Depending on their location within the urinary system, these stones may be classified as either urolithiasis, when situated within the urinary tract, or nephrolithiasis, when located within the kidneys. Each term signifies the specific impact of the stone.Predisposition...

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Urinary Tract Calculi III: Medical Management

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The diagnosis of renal calculi involves several imaging techniques, including non-contrast CT scans and ultrasound. These methods help visualize kidney stones, assess their size and location, and detect possible obstructions. Additionally, Measuring urine pH is useful for diagnosing specific stone types, such as struvite (alkaline pH) and uric acid stones (acidic pH). Cystine stones are primarily linked to cystinuria, a genetic condition. A urinalysis helps detect blood in the urine (hematuria)...

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Updated: Jan 16, 2026

Lateral Molar Approach-Driven Transoral Endoscopic Procedure for Benign Infratemporal Fossa Tumor Resection

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Published on: August 15, 2025

Accidentally Extruded Calcium Hydroxide Into a Cystic Lesion Associated With an Adjacent Tooth-A Case Report.

Emmanuel Mazinis¹, Nikolaos Tsanidis², Vasilios Thomaidis³

¹Dept of Endodontology, Dental School Aristotle University of Thessaloniki University Campus Thessaloniki Greece.

Clinical Case Reports

|October 1, 2025

Summary

A rare cystic lesion from a first molar caused damage to a second premolar, leading to material extrusion. Advanced imaging and clinical data guided treatment for this complex dental case.

Keywords:

calcium hydroxide cyst endodontic treatment extrusion barium sulfate

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Author Spotlight: Enhancing Dental Pulp Research with Improved Mouse Models

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Published on: October 27, 2023

Area of Science:

Dentistry
Oral Pathology
Endodontics

Background:

A cystic lesion originating from a first molar can impact adjacent teeth.
Pulp necrosis and external root resorption are serious dental conditions.
Extrusion of intracanal medicaments like calcium hydroxide can complicate treatment.

Purpose of the Study:

To report a rare case of a cystic lesion causing secondary premolar damage.
To describe the diagnostic and treatment approach for complex endodontic complications.
To highlight the role of Cone-Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) in assessing such cases.

Main Methods:

Case presentation of a patient with pulp necrosis and apical resorption.
Utilized Cone-Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) for detailed imaging.
Integrated clinical examination and patient history for diagnosis.
Documented the management of extruded calcium hydroxide.

Main Results:

A cystic lesion from the first molar was identified as the cause of the second premolar's pathology.
Significant apical resorption of the second premolar was observed.
Extruded calcium hydroxide was detected, complicating the clinical picture.
CBCT provided accurate assessment of lesion extent and material displacement.

Conclusions:

Cystic lesions from adjacent teeth can lead to severe pathology in neighboring teeth.
CBCT is crucial for diagnosing and managing complex endodontic issues, including material extrusion.
A multidisciplinary approach combining imaging and clinical assessment is vital for successful treatment outcomes.