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Multilevel Nanoarray Spin-Orbit Torque Device for Process-in-Memory Applications.

Daekyu Koh1, Dong-Jun Kim1, Taehwan Kim2

  • 1Department of Materials Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.

Nano Letters
|October 1, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed multilevel nanoarray spin-orbit torque (SOT) devices for process-in-memory (PIM) applications. These SOT devices enable ultrafast, energy-efficient analog and digital in-memory computing, overcoming data transfer limitations.

Keywords:
Spin−orbit torquelogic operationmagnetoresistive random-access memorymultilevel storageprocess-in-memory

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrical Engineering
  • Computer Architecture

Background:

  • Data-driven technologies face performance bottlenecks due to high energy and time costs of data transfer between processors and memory.
  • Process-in-memory (PIM) architecture offers a solution by performing computations within memory units, reducing data movement overhead.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose and demonstrate novel multilevel nanoarray spin-orbit torque (SOT) devices for advanced PIM applications.
  • To showcase the potential of these SOT devices for both analog and digital in-memory computing.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of a Hall bar structure with multiple ferromagnetic islands.
  • Modulation of SOT switching current by varying island size or shape.
  • Control of discrete multilevel states via input current modulation.
  • Demonstration of logic operations using pulse currents as digital inputs and multilevel resistances as digital outputs.

Main Results:

  • Achieved precise control of discrete multilevel states, demonstrating analog PIM functionality.
  • Successfully implemented logic operations, confirming suitability for digital PIM applications.
  • Exhibited ultrafast switching speeds using nanosecond current pulses without external magnetic fields.

Conclusions:

  • Multilevel nanoarray SOT devices are a promising platform for ultrafast and energy-efficient PIM.
  • These devices effectively address data transfer bottlenecks in current computing architectures.
  • The demonstrated analog and digital capabilities pave the way for next-generation computing systems.