Applications and interrelationships of brain function detection, brain-computer interfaces, and brain stimulation: a...

Area of Science:

• Neuroscience and Neuroengineering
• Human-Computer Interaction

Background:

• Brain-Computer Interface (BCI), Brain Function Detection (BFD), and Brain Stimulation (BS) are critical neuroscience technologies.
• These fields are often conflated, leading to conceptual misunderstandings and suboptimal applications.
• Existing reviews primarily focus on BCI, neglecting the broader context and distinctions.

Purpose of the Study:

• To clarify the boundaries between BCI, BFD, and BS.
• To critique the misapplication of the term "passive BCI".
• To provide a framework for understanding and integrating these neurotechnologies.

Main Methods:

• Application-oriented conceptual analysis.
• Literature review and critique.
• Interrogation of technological convergences and divergences.

Main Results:

• Identified conceptual confusion surrounding BCI, BFD, and BS terminology.
• Critiqued the inaccurate labeling of feedback-absent monitoring as BCI.
• Evaluated the practical challenges of integrating these modalities.

Conclusions:

• Precise understanding of BCI, BFD, and BS is crucial for advancing neurotechnology.
• A clear framework supports standardized development and translational impact.
• Distinguishing these technologies enhances research and clinical practice.