Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones

Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones

Low blood levels of the thyroid hormones — triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) — signal the hypothalamus to release the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). TRH then reaches the pituitary gland and stimulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH) into the bloodstream.
Upon reaching the thyroid gland, TSH stimulates the follicular cells' active uptake of iodide ions from the blood. The ions diffuse to the apical surface of the cells and are oxidized to iodine. The...

The Thyroid Gland

The Thyroid Gland

The thyroid gland is a small, butterfly-shaped gland located in the neck and covers the anterior surface of the trachea. The gland has two lateral lobes connected by a thin tissue mass called the isthmus. Internally, each lobe comprises many small spherical structures known as thyroid follicles, surrounded by a network of blood vessels.
The follicles have a central cavity lined by simple cuboidal to squamous epithelial cells called follicular cells. These cells produce the glycoprotein...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Cost-Effectiveness of Perioperative Pembrolizumab in Locally Advanced Head and Neck Cancer.

JAMA otolaryngology-- head & neck surgery·2026

Same author

Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy (SBRT) of Previously Unirradiated Mucosal Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC).

Head & neck·2026

Same author

Early Adoption of Thyroid Radiofrequency Ablation in Canada: Physician Experiences, Barriers, and Facilitators to Implementation.

Journal of otolaryngology - head & neck surgery = Le Journal d'oto-rhino-laryngologie et de chirurgie cervico-faciale·2026

Same author

Respiratory Events and Procedure Interruptions During Pediatric Bronchoscopy and Suspension Laryngoscopy: A Secondary Analysis Comparing Dexmedetomidine and Remifentanil-Based Anesthesia.

Paediatric anaesthesia·2026

Same author

Association of anesthesiologists' hepato-pancreato-biliary volume and outcomes for other surgeries.

HPB : the official journal of the International Hepato Pancreato Biliary Association·2026

Same author

Retinal and choroidal optical coherence tomography findings in gestational diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie·2026

Same journal

Association Between the Modified Frailty Index and Short-Term Total Thyroidectomy Complications.

The Laryngoscope·2026

Same journal

Discrimination of Pairs of Chemosensory Stimuli in Relation to Respiration.

The Laryngoscope·2026

Same journal

What Safety Precautions Are Recommended When Lasering in the Airway?

The Laryngoscope·2026

Same journal

Success of Anterior Ethmoidal Artery Flaps for Nasal Septal Perforation Repair: A Systematic Review.

The Laryngoscope·2026

Same journal

Laryngeal IgG4-Related Disease: A Systematic Review of Clinical Features and Management.

The Laryngoscope·2026

Same journal

Elevated BMI Is Not Associated With Adverse Outcomes in Open Airway Reconstruction.

The Laryngoscope·2026

See all related articles

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 16, 2026

An Orthotopic Mouse Model of Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma

An Orthotopic Mouse Model of Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma

Published on: April 17, 2013

Roadmap for Representative Artificial Intelligence Models for Thyroid Cancer.

Rashi Ramchandani^1,2, Eddie Guo³, Sanaz G Biglou¹

¹Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.

The Laryngoscope

|October 3, 2025

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Artificial intelligence (AI) models for thyroid cancer lack generalizability. A four-stage roadmap focusing on representative data and robust design can improve AI fairness and clinical use.

Keywords:

artificial intelligence data representation equity model training thyroid cancer

More Related Videos

Spontaneous Murine Model of Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer

Spontaneous Murine Model of Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer

Published on: February 3, 2023

A Swin Transformer-Based Model for Thyroid Nodule Detection in Ultrasound Images

A Swin Transformer-Based Model for Thyroid Nodule Detection in Ultrasound Images

Published on: April 21, 2023

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 16, 2026

An Orthotopic Mouse Model of Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma

An Orthotopic Mouse Model of Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma

Published on: April 17, 2013

Spontaneous Murine Model of Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer

Spontaneous Murine Model of Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer

Published on: February 3, 2023

A Swin Transformer-Based Model for Thyroid Nodule Detection in Ultrasound Images

A Swin Transformer-Based Model for Thyroid Nodule Detection in Ultrasound Images

Published on: April 21, 2023

Area of Science:

Oncology
Medical Informatics
Artificial Intelligence

Background:

Artificial intelligence (AI) models are increasingly used in medical diagnostics, including thyroid cancer.
Current AI models often exhibit poor generalizability due to limitations in training and validation datasets.
This lack of generalizability hinders the clinical utility and fairness of AI tools in thyroid cancer management.

Purpose of the Study:

To address the generalizability issue of AI models in thyroid cancer.
To propose a structured approach for developing more robust and clinically useful AI models.
To enhance the fairness and reliability of AI applications in oncology.

Main Methods:

Development of a four-stage roadmap for AI model creation in thyroid cancer.
Emphasis on representative data collection and curation.
Inclusion of contextual variables and robust training/validation strategies.
Incorporation of post-deployment monitoring for continuous improvement.

Main Results:

The proposed roadmap provides a framework to mitigate bias in AI datasets.
It facilitates the development of AI models that are more representative of diverse patient populations.
Implementation of the roadmap is expected to improve the fairness and clinical applicability of AI in thyroid cancer.

Conclusions:

Addressing data representativeness and model design is crucial for AI generalizability in thyroid cancer.
The proposed roadmap offers a systematic strategy to enhance the fairness and clinical utility of AI tools.
Future AI development in oncology should prioritize these principles for reliable and equitable patient care.