Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jan 16, 2026
09:54
Synthesis and Characterization of 1,2-Dithiolane Modified Self-Assembling Peptides
Published on: August 20, 2018
7.7K
RIFM Natural Complex Substance (NCS) fragrance ingredient safety assessment, benzoin infusion, Sumatra, CAS Registry
A M Api1, A Bartlett1, D Belsito2
1Research Institute for Fragrance Materials, Inc., 1200 MacArthur Boulevard, Suite 306, Mahwah, NJ, 07430, USA.
Summary
Benzoin infusion, Sumatra is safe for cosmetic use, showing no genotoxicity or skin sensitization concerns. Further research is planned for photoallergenicity, but current data indicates safety for repeated dose, reproductive, and respiratory toxicity.
Area of Science:
- Toxicology and Safety Assessment
- Cosmetic Ingredient Evaluation
- Environmental Risk Assessment
Background:
- Benzoin infusion, Sumatra is a cosmetic ingredient requiring comprehensive safety evaluation.
- Previous assessments focused on individual components, necessitating a holistic safety review.
- Regulatory compliance and consumer safety are paramount in cosmetic ingredient assessment.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the genotoxicity, repeated dose toxicity, reproductive toxicity, local respiratory toxicity, photoirritation/photoallergenicity, skin sensitization, and environmental safety of Benzoin infusion, Sumatra.
- To determine the safety of Benzoin infusion, Sumatra for use in cosmetic products under specified conditions.
- To identify and address any data gaps in the safety profile of Benzoin infusion, Sumatra.
Main Methods:
- Component analysis utilizing target data, read-across data, and the threshold of toxicological concern (TTC).
- Evaluation of genotoxicity, repeated dose toxicity, reproductive toxicity, and skin sensitization based on component data.
- Assessment of photoirritation using component data and UV/Vis absorption spectra; evaluation of local respiratory toxicity using inhalation TTC.
Main Results:
- No genotoxicity concerns identified for Benzoin infusion, Sumatra components.
- Benzoin infusion, Sumatra is deemed safe for repeated dose and reproductive toxicity endpoints under described use conditions.
- No skin sensitization concerns at current declared use levels; not expected to be photoirritating.
- Local respiratory exposure is below the inhalation TTC; no PBT or vPvB components identified.
- Benzoin infusion, Sumatra poses no risk to the aquatic environment.
- A data gap exists for photoallergenicity, with research initiatives underway.
Conclusions:
- Benzoin infusion, Sumatra is considered safe for cosmetic use concerning genotoxicity, repeated dose toxicity, reproductive toxicity, local respiratory toxicity, skin sensitization, and environmental impact.
- The ingredient is not expected to be photoirritating.
- Further investigation into photoallergenicity is ongoing to fully characterize its safety profile.
More Related Videos
08:48Development of a Backbone Cyclic Peptide Library as Potential Antiparasitic Therapeutics Using Microwave Irradiation
Published on: January 26, 2016
12.4K
11:38High Content Screening Analysis to Evaluate the Toxicological Effects of Harmful and Potentially Harmful Constituents HPHC
Published on: May 10, 2016
12.7K
Related Concept Videos
01:25Aromatic Compounds: Overview
13.5K
In general, the term ‘aromatic’ indicates a pleasant smell or fragrance from fresh flowers, freshly prepared coffee, etc. In the early history of organic chemistry, many benzene derivatives were isolated from the pleasant odor oils of the plants. For example, vanillin was isolated from the oil of vanilla, methyl salicylate from the oil of wintergreen, and cinnamaldehyde from the oil of cinnamon. They all had a pleasant odor; hence the name aromatic was given.
In 1825, Faraday isolated...
In 1825, Faraday isolated...
13.5K
01:22Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution: Sulfonation of Benzene
7.8K
Sulfonation of benzene is a reaction wherein benzene is treated with fuming sulfuric acid at room temperature to produce benzenesulfonic acid. Fuming sulfuric acid is a mixture of sulfur trioxide and concentrated sulfuric acid.
7.8K
01:13Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution: Fluorination and Iodination of Benzene
7.4K
Bromination and chlorination of aromatic rings by electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions are easily achieved, but fluorination and iodination are difficult to achieve. Fluorine is so reactive that its reaction with benzene is difficult to control, resulting in poor yields of monofluoroaromatic products. To address this, Selectfluor reagent is used as a fluorine source in which a fluorine atom is bonded to a positively charged nitrogen.
7.4K
01:18Benzene to 1,4-Cyclohexadiene: Birch Reduction Mechanism
2.6K
Birch reduction uses solvated electrons as reducing agents. The reaction converts benzene to 1,4-cyclohexadiene. The reaction proceeds by the transfer of a single electron to the ring to form a benzene radical anion. This anion is highly basic—it abstracts a proton from the alcohol to form a cyclohexadienyl radical. Another single electron transfer gives the cyclohexadienyl anion. A proton transfer from the alcohol forms 1,4-cyclohexadiene. Since this reduction occurs via radical anion...
2.6K
01:34NMR Spectroscopy of Benzene Derivatives
11.0K
Simple unsubstituted benzene has six aromatic protons, all chemically equivalent. Therefore, benzene exhibits only a singlet peak at δ 7.3 ppm in the 1H NMR spectrum. The observed shift is far downfield because the aromatic ring current strongly deshields the protons. Any substitution on the benzene ring makes the aromatic protons nonequivalent, and the protons split each other. The peak is, therefore, no longer a singlet and the splitting pattern and their associated coupling...
11.0K
01:27Benzene to Phenol via Cumene: Hock Process
4.1K
The synthesis of phenol from benzene via cumene and cumene hydroperoxide is called the Hock process. First, a Friedel–Crafts alkylation reaction of benzene with propene gives cumene. Then cumene forms cumene hydroperoxide via a radical chain reaction. In the chain initiation step, the benzylic hydrogen is abstracted to give a benzylic radical. In the chain propagation step, the benzylic radical reacts with an oxygen diradical to form a cumene hydroperoxide radical. The cumene...
4.1K