[Fibromyalgia syndrome]

Fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) is a highly prevalent disorder that predominantly affects women. The absence of clear organ pathology and pathophysiology often leads to a lack of understanding towards those affected.

This article aims to provide an overview of the definition, epidemiology, pathophysiology, and treatment options for FMS.

FMS is defined as a syndrome characterized by chronic, multifocal pain lasting for at least 3 months, along with additional symptoms such as sleep disturbances, fatigue, or cognitive impairment. The prevalence in Germany is estimated to be approximately 2%. Risk factors may include genetics and epigenetics, childhood trauma, and adverse lifestyle factors. Pathophysiologically, alterations are found in the peripheral and central nervous systems, as well as in the endocrine and immune systems. Treatment focuses on non-pharmacological modalities such as physical therapy and psychological therapies, supplemented by medications such as amitriptyline, pregabalin, and duloxetine.

FMS is a well-defined entity, but further research is needed to better understand the disorder and its subgroups and to develop causally oriented therapies.