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Updated: Jan 15, 2026

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Investigating Aberrant Salience in Autism Spectrum Disorder and Psychosis Risk: A Cross-Group Analysis.

Federico Fiori Nastro^1,2, Martina Pelle^1,3, Alice Clemente¹

¹Chair of Psychiatry, Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University of Rome, Rome, Italy.

Early Intervention in Psychiatry

|October 6, 2025

Summary

Aberrant salience (AS) is heightened in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attenuated psychosis syndrome (APS) compared to help-seekers. This suggests AS is a transdiagnostic factor across these conditions.

Keywords:

autism spectrum disorder comorbidity neurodevelopmental disorders psychosisattenuated psychosis syndrome

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Area of Science:

Psychiatry
Neuroscience
Clinical Psychology

Background:

Aberrant salience (AS) is a key feature in psychosis.
Understanding AS in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and clinical high risk for psychosis (CHR-P) is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate aberrant salience (AS) expression in individuals with ASD, CHR-P, and help-seekers without formal diagnoses.
To explore AS as a potential transdiagnostic construct.

Main Methods:

99 participants (17-39 years) without neurological or substance use disorders were recruited.
Participants were categorized into ASD (n=23), Attenuated Psychosis Syndrome (APS) (n=27), and help-seekers (n=49).
The Aberrant Salience Inventory (ASI) was administered to assess AS.

Main Results:

Significant differences in ASI total and subscale scores were found among the groups.
Both ASD and APS groups exhibited significantly higher ASI scores than the help-seeker group.
No significant differences in ASI scores were observed between the ASD and APS groups.

Conclusions:

Findings indicate shared aberrant salience (AS) processing between ASD and psychosis-spectrum conditions.
Aberrant salience (AS) may function as a transdiagnostic factor in psychiatric research.
This supports AS as a unifying construct for understanding diverse clinical presentations.