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3D Spatiotemporal Electrophysiology of Cardiac Organoids Using Shell Microelectrode Arrays.

Soo Jin Choi¹, Zhaoyu Liu², Feiyu Yang²

¹Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA.

Advanced Materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)

|October 7, 2025

Summary

New shell microelectrode arrays (MEAs) enable comprehensive 3D mapping of cardiac organoids. This technology captures electrical signal propagation in three dimensions, advancing heart disease modeling and drug testing.

Keywords:

3D microelectrode arrays cardiac organoids conduction velocity mapping conformal bioelectronics spatiotemporal electrophysiology

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Area of Science:

Bioelectronic interfaces
Cardiovascular research
Organoid technology

Background:

Traditional 2D microelectrode arrays (MEAs) lack the capability to capture 3D electrical signal propagation in cardiac organoids.
Understanding 3D electrical dynamics is crucial for accurate modeling of heart development and disease.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop and present programmable, shape-adaptive, organoid-encapsulating shell MEAs for comprehensive 3D electrophysiological mapping.
To enable high-resolution 3D spatiotemporal functional analysis of cardiac organoids.

Main Methods:

On-chip fabrication of customizable shell MEAs with tailored electrode layouts.
Integration of shell MEAs with calcium imaging for multimodal analysis.
Pharmacological screening of cardiac organoid responses to various compounds.

Main Results:

Generation of high-resolution 3D isochrone and conduction velocity maps.
Unveiling of long-term spatiotemporal field potential dynamics in spontaneously beating organoids.
Successful corroboration of electrophysiological findings with calcium imaging and assessment of drug responses.

Conclusions:

Shell MEAs offer a significant advance in bioelectronic interfaces for cardiac research.
This platform enables high-content 3D spatiotemporal functional analysis crucial for cardiac disease modeling.
The technology facilitates robust pharmacological testing using cardiac organoids.