Surgeon's perceptions on 3D visualization methods in parotid gland tumor surgery

Area of Science:

• Medical Imaging
• Surgical Planning
• Anatomical Modeling

Background:

• High-resolution MRI and reconstruction techniques enable advanced visualization of the facial nerve and parotid tumors.
• Three-dimensional (3D) anatomical models offer potential for enhanced surgical planning and patient communication.

Purpose of the Study:

• To assess the technical feasibility of creating 3D-printed anatomical models from MRI data.
• To evaluate surgeons' perceptions of 3D models on a 2D screen, 3D-printed models, and augmented reality (AR) holograms for parotid gland tumor surgery.

Main Methods:

• Fifteen surgeons evaluated four clinical cases using conventional MRI, 3D models on a 2D screen, 3D-printed models, and AR holograms.
• Surgeons completed questionnaires assessing anatomical clarity, clinical utility, perceived usefulness, and ease of use.
• Statistical analyses included Friedman and Wilcoxon signed-rank tests, and Spearman correlations.

Main Results:

• AR holograms received the highest scores for tumor visibility; all methods showed equal anatomical landmark visibility.
• 3D visualizations influenced surgical approach decisions and perceived risk of facial nerve injury.
• Screen-based 3D models and conventional MRI were rated highest for patient consultation and preoperative planning; AR and 2D screen models scored highest for usefulness and ease of use.

Conclusions:

• 3D-printed models of the facial nerve and tumors are technically feasible, aiding preoperative consultation and planning.
• 3D-printed models were perceived as less effective than 2D screen or AR visualizations.
• While valuable adjuncts, 3D models do not replace conventional MRI for surgical planning.