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Rural Workforce Drought: Spatial Analysis Reveals Persistent Maldistribution of the Australian Occupational Therapy

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Despite a 72% increase in occupational therapists (OTs), metropolitan areas retain a disproportionate share of the workforce. Current strategies are insufficient to address geographic and cultural disparities in rural and remote areas.

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Area of Science:

  • Health Workforce Research
  • Rural Health
  • Health Equity

Background:

  • Occupational therapy (OT) services are crucial for diverse populations.
  • Geographic maldistribution of healthcare professionals is a persistent challenge in Australia.
  • Understanding OT workforce trends is vital for equitable service delivery.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe Australian occupational therapy (OT) workforce distribution trends.
  • Analyze workforce distribution by demographics, work type, and job roles across remoteness levels.
  • Compare OT distribution with the general population across different regions.

Main Methods:

  • Exploratory spatial analysis of OT workforce distribution.
  • Comparison of workforce data (2013-2021) with national census data (2011, 2016, 2021).
  • Analysis of OT proportion, hours worked, First Nations representation, leadership, and practice areas across Modified Monash Model (MMM) remoteness levels.

Main Results:

  • A 72% national OT workforce increase occurred between 2013 and 2021, yet metropolitan areas maintained a disproportionate share.
  • Regional centres showed growth, but significant time is needed to match metropolitan ratios; gaps will widen elsewhere.
  • Private sector hours increased substantially, but this growth did not equitably benefit rural and remote areas; leadership roles also concentrated in metropolitan, regional, and large rural towns.

Conclusions:

  • Persistent maldistribution indicates structural inequities unlikely to resolve through organic growth alone.
  • Current rural workforce strategies are inadequate for addressing geographic and cultural disparities.
  • Targeted investment, incentives, and pipeline models are necessary for equitable OT service availability.