Gender Diversity and Neurodivergence: A Primer for Pediatricians

Research has shown high rates of co-occurring neurodivergent traits and behaviors among youth who are transgender and gender diverse (TGD). Youth who are neurodivergent, TGD, or both present with unique medical and psychosocial care needs. This review outlines clinical considerations for pediatricians who care for youth who are neurodivergent and TGD and includes recommendations for screening, assessment, psychosocial care, and medical care (if indicated). Whenever possible, care for neurodivergent and TGD populations should employ interdisciplinary care teams comprised of experts in neurodivergence and gender diversity. However, absence of such teams should not preclude care, given the existing barriers faced by individuals who are both TGD and neurodivergent, as well as unique burdens associated with the intersectionality of both. Providers working with this population should seek collaboration and consultation with experts to best support the needs of this unique population based on existing guidelines. Care should be individualized, evidence-based, and flexible to accommodate each individual's distinct developmental, psychosocial, and health care needs.