Spectrometric Analysis of Titanium Particle Release Based on Various Implant Surface Detoxification Methods

Area of Science:

• Biomaterials Science
• Dental Implantology
• Periodontology

Background:

• Titanium ions and particles (TiP) are linked to peri-implant inflammation and tissue breakdown.
• Understanding TiP generation during debridement is crucial for managing peri-implantitis.

Purpose of the Study:

• To assess the presence of TiP following implant surface instrumentation with various debridement techniques.
• To compare the efficacy of different methods in preventing TiP release.

Main Methods:

• Six debridement methods were tested: stainless steel (SS), titanium (T)-curette, ultrasonic tip (CV), ultrasonic tip with plastic sleeve (CS), CO2-laser, and Er,Cr:YSGG-laser.
• TiP presence was quantified using X-ray fluorescent spectrometry on samples collected after 30 seconds of instrumentation.
• Baseline and post-instrumentation samples were analyzed to detect TiP.

Main Results:

• TiP were detected in the SS-, T-, and CV-groups (0.0234±0.0181, 0.0072±0.0037, 0.0051±0.0041 ppm, respectively).
• No TiP were observed with the CS, CO2-laser, or Er,Cr:YSGG-laser methods.
• The presence of TiP in SS, T, and CV groups was statistically significant compared to baseline (P < .0001).

Conclusions:

• Instrumentation with SS, T, and CV methods releases TiP, potentially impacting peri-implantitis etiology and treatment outcomes.
• CS, CO2-laser, and Er,Cr:YSGG-laser irradiation appear to be safer alternatives, minimizing TiP release.
• These findings suggest that laser or plastic-sleeved ultrasonic methods may be preferable for implant debridement to mitigate TiP-related complications.