[Listeria infection and pregnancy]

Area of Science:

• Obstetrics and Gynecology
• Infectious Diseases
• Neonatology

Background:

• Listeria monocytogenes is a pathogen causing listeriosis, a serious infection with significant risks including bacteremia, meningitis, and foeto-maternal disease.
• Foeto-maternal infections pose substantial risks to both the mother and the fetus, necessitating clear diagnostic and therapeutic guidelines.

Purpose of the Study:

• To present a comprehensive algorithm for the investigation, treatment, and follow-up of foeto-maternal listeriosis.
• To provide evidence-based recommendations for managing pregnant patients and neonates affected by Listeria monocytogenes.

Main Methods:

• Review of current literature and clinical guidelines on listeriosis in pregnancy.
• Development of a structured algorithm for clinical decision-making regarding diagnosis and management.
• Emphasis on recommended diagnostic procedures such as blood cultures and lumbar punctures.

Main Results:

• Recommended treatment involves a minimum of three weeks of intravenous aminopenicillin, with a 3-day course of an aminoglycoside added.
• Blood cultures are advised for all affected patients, and lumbar punctures are recommended for immunocompromised mothers and all neonates.
• Delivery timing is a critical discussion point, with induction or delivery suggested after 37 weeks of gestation, ideally following adequate antibiotic therapy.

Conclusions:

• Effective management of foeto-maternal listeriosis requires a systematic approach integrating timely diagnosis, appropriate antibiotic therapy, and careful consideration of delivery timing.
• Adherence to the proposed algorithm can improve outcomes for both mothers and infants affected by Listeria monocytogenes infections.
• Early and appropriate intervention is crucial to mitigate the severe consequences of listeriosis during pregnancy.