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For solutions containing mixtures of different cations, the identity of each cation can be determined by qualitative analysis. This technique involves a series of selective precipitations with different chemical reagents, each reaction producing a characteristic precipitate for a specific group of cations. Metal ions within a group are further separated by varying the pH, heating the mixture to redissolve a precipitate, or adding other reagents to form complex ions.
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  1. Home
  3. Elemental Analysis Of Selected Wines By Particle Induced X-ray Emission (pixe) For Determination Of Geographical Origin.
  1. Home
  3. Elemental Analysis Of Selected Wines By Particle Induced X-ray Emission (pixe) For Determination Of Geographical Origin.

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Elemental analysis of selected wines by particle induced X-ray emission (PIXE) for determination of geographical

Boris Bobáľ1, Miroslav Ješkovský1, Jakub Kaizer1

  • 1Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Informatics, Comenius University, 84248, Bratislava, Slovakia.

Applied Radiation and Isotopes : Including Data, Instrumentation and Methods for Use in Agriculture, Industry and Medicine
|October 10, 2025

View abstract on PubMed

Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study used elemental analysis to authenticate wine origins, achieving 100% accuracy in identifying geographical provenance. The findings help verify wine compliance with international standards.

Keywords:
Elemental compositionICP-MSLinear Discriminant AnalysisPIXEWine

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Area of Science:

  • Food Chemistry
  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Geochemistry

Background:

  • Authenticating wine's geographical origin is crucial for consumer trust and regulatory compliance.
  • Varietal wine composition can reflect unique regional characteristics influenced by soil and climate.
  • International standards necessitate reliable methods for verifying wine provenance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To authenticate the geographical origin of varietal wines using multi-element analysis.
  • To verify wine compliance with international and national standards.
  • To establish a robust analytical method for wine provenance determination.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of 22 wine samples from six vineyard regions across five countries.
  • Multi-element detection using Particle-Induced X-ray Emission (PIXE) and Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS).
  • Statistical analysis, including Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA), for geographical characterization.

    • Main Results:

    • PIXE, ICP-MS, and Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (F-AAS) showed good agreement for 14 elements.
    • Distinct elemental profiles were observed: Slovak white wines had higher Rb and Ba; red wines showed dominant Mg, Al, Si, P, and Ca.
    • LDA achieved 100% accuracy in recognizing wine sample origins, despite a small dataset.

    Conclusions:

    • Elemental analysis is a powerful tool for authenticating wine geographical origin.
    • The developed method effectively verifies wine provenance and compliance with standards.
    • Elemental fingerprinting provides a reliable basis for protecting wine appellations and preventing fraud.