NEW INSIGHTS INTO THE PATHOGENESIS AND TREATMENT ADVANCES OF AGE - RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a prevalent and vision - threatening disease among the elderly. This review article focuses on the latest understanding of its pathogenesis and the significant treatment advances. In terms of pathogenesis, new research reveals the complex interplay of genetic factors, such as complement pathway gene mutations, oxidative stress, chronic inflammation, and abnormal lipid metabolism in the development of AMD. The treatment landscape has also witnessed remarkable progress, with anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) therapies revolutionizing the management of wet AMD, and emerging treatments like gene therapy, complement pathway inhibitors, and stem cell - based therapies showing great potential for both wet and dry AMD. This article aims to provide a comprehensive overview of these new insights and treatment options, which may contribute to better clinical management and future research directions for AMD.