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Related Concept Videos

Urinary Tract Calculi VI: Surgical Management01:25

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Procedures for Kidney StonesMedical intervention is necessary when kidney stones or renal calculi are too large to pass spontaneously (typically greater than 5 millimeters) when stones are accompanied by symptomatic infection (such as fever or pyelonephritis), when they impair kidney function, or when they cause persistent symptoms like severe pain, nausea, or urinary retention. Additionally, patients with only one kidney or those who cannot be treated with medical management also require...
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Endoscopic Procedures V: ERCP01:26

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Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is a diagnostic procedure that combines endoscopy and fluoroscopy to diagnose and treat conditions related to the bile ducts, pancreatic ducts, and gallbladder. This procedure is beneficial for identifying and addressing blockages, gallstones, strictures, and tumors within the biliary or pancreatic systems. ERCP is both diagnostic and therapeutic, offering the ability to visualize and treat identified problems in one session.
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Urinary Tract Calculi III: Medical Management01:30

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The diagnosis of renal calculi involves several imaging techniques, including non-contrast CT scans and ultrasound. These methods help visualize kidney stones, assess their size and location, and detect possible obstructions. Additionally, Measuring urine pH is useful for diagnosing specific stone types, such as struvite (alkaline pH) and uric acid stones (acidic pH). Cystine stones are primarily linked to cystinuria, a genetic condition. A urinalysis helps detect blood in the urine (hematuria)...
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Chronic Bowel Disorders: Introduction01:17

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Chronic bowel diseases are a group of long-term conditions affecting the digestive tract, characterized by inflammation and damage to the gut lining. These conditions primarily include irritable bowel syndrome and inflammatory bowel disease.
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Imaging Studies V: Intravenous Urography and Retrograde Pyelography01:22

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IntroductionIntravenous Urography (IVU) and Retrograde Pyelography (RP) are important diagnostic imaging techniques used to evaluate the urinary system. These methods help identify structural abnormalities, obstructions, and functional issues in the kidneys, ureters, and bladder. Both procedures use iodine-based contrast media to enhance the visibility of urinary tract structures on X-ray images, though they differ in their methods and indications.1. Intravenous Urography (IVU)Intravenous...
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Imaging Studies I: Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder Studies01:28

Imaging Studies I: Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder Studies

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Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder (KUB) StudiesKidney, Ureter, and Bladder (KUB) studies are standard diagnostic imaging procedures used to assess the anatomy of the urinary system. They are commonly utilized for patients experiencing abdominal pain or urinary symptoms. By using a simple X-ray of the abdomen, KUB studies can reveal structural and pathological abnormalities within the kidneys, ureters, and bladder. These studies are particularly valuable in diagnosing kidney stones, urinary...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 15, 2026

A Two-Step Method for Percutaneous Transhepatic Choledochoscopic Lithotomy
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Radiological biliary intervention for stone disease.

Panagiotis Sardellis1, Akshay Sethi2, Miltiadis Krokidis2,3

  • 1School of Medicine, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK (Panagiotis Sardellis).

Annals of Gastroenterology
|October 13, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This review examines percutaneous treatments for gallstones, focusing on advancements from cholangiography to cholangioscopy. It highlights the need for more research on long-term outcomes and evidence-based decision-making for effective biliary stone management.

Keywords:
Keywords Percutaneous biliary interventionbiliary stonesbiliary stricturescholangioscopyinterventional radiology

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Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology and Hepatology
  • Minimally Invasive Surgery
  • Medical Technology

Background:

  • Gallstones are crystalline cholesterol formations causing bile duct obstruction, influenced by genetics, diet, and age.
  • Biliary stone management has evolved significantly due to clinical needs and technological progress.
  • Percutaneous treatments have become a key focus in managing gallstones and related complications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the evolution and current state of percutaneous treatments for biliary stones.
  • To emphasize patient safety, efficacy, and outcomes in percutaneous interventions.
  • To identify research gaps and future directions in percutaneous biliary stone management.

Main Methods:

  • Review of percutaneous treatments, including percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography and percutaneous transhepatic cholangioscopy.
  • Analysis of patient-reported outcomes, focusing on pain and quality of life.
  • Critical evaluation of long-term efficacy, recurrence rates, and stricture treatment.

Main Results:

  • Percutaneous transhepatic cholangioscopy represents an advancement over traditional cholangiography.
  • Patient-reported outcomes are crucial for assessing the success of interventions.
  • There is a need for more data on the long-term effectiveness of percutaneous treatments in preventing recurrence and managing chronic strictures.

Conclusions:

  • Continuous innovation in percutaneous techniques and technology is essential.
  • Evidence-based algorithms are needed to guide intervention selection.
  • Future research should focus on long-term outcomes, cost-effectiveness, and clinical validation of new technologies for patient-centered biliary stone management.