Autoimmune Thyroid Disease in Pregnancy: Clinical Implications for Miscarriage Risk

A leading endocrine illness affecting women of reproductive age is autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD), which can have a significant impact on the course of a pregnancy. Thyroid dysfunction is more likely to occur during pregnancy due to hormonal and immunological changes. Women are more susceptible to thyroid dysfunction during pregnancy because of physiological changes that increase the need for thyroid hormones.

This review summarizes the most recent research on alterations in thyroid function during pregnancy, investigates the mechanisms underlying autoimmune thyroid imbalance and its effects on reproduction, and emphasizes the importance of early detection and specialized clinical management.

Infertility, miscarriage, preterm birth, and decreased fetal development are among the negative reproductive consequences that can result from AITD, which affects up to 2-5% of pregnant women and is frequently asymptomatic and undetected.

To maximize outcomes for both the mother and the fetus, early detection and specialized clinical management are essential, particularly because AITD is often asymptomatic and can go undetected during pregnancy.