A Quick Reference on Hypokalemia

Hypokalemia occurs due to gastrointestinal or renal losses, transcellular shifts, or reduced intake. Serum potassium reflects extracellular water balance but not total body potassium. Clinical signs, including muscle weakness and arrhythmias, usually develop when levels fall below 2.5-3.0 mEq/L. Diagnosis relies on serum potassium measurement, urinalysis, and investigation of underlying conditions such as kidney disease or gastrointestinal loss. Treatment aims to correct the potassium deficit and manage the primary cause, with intravenous supplementation reserved for severe cases. Proper evaluation and timely therapy are essential to prevent complications and restore electrolyte balance in affected patients.