The Application of Magnetic Particles for Cell Targeting in Preclinical Animal Models: A Systematic Review

Magnetic cell targeting holds significant promise for advancing cell therapy. This study reviewed recent experimental research on the use of magnetic particles for targeting mammalian cells in animal models, focusing on trends and therapeutic outcomes over the past five years.

A systematic search of PubMed, Cochrane Library, and eLibrary (2019-September 2024) was conducted using keywords: "magnetic cell targeting," "magnetic cell delivery," "magnetic cell localisation," and "magnetic cell guidance," excluding "drug." Inclusion criteria: original animal studies using mammalian cells labeled with magnetic nano- or microparticles and targeted via magnetic fields. Exclusion criteria included reviews, subcellular structures targeting, hyperthermia, tissue engineering, and in vitro-only studies.

Of 10,908 studies, 39 met the criteria. Research focused on the nervous system (39%), cancer (10%), eye (10%), urinary tract (10%), heart (8%), and musculoskeletal diseases (8%). Targeted cells included mesenchymal stromal cells (59%), immune cells (15%), endothelial cells (13%), and others. Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (37 studies) or microparticles (2 studies) were used, with sizes of 10-170 nm (95%) or 1-2.8 μm. Common coatings included poly-L-lysine, dextran, polydopamine, and silica. Labeling concentrations ranged from 20-100 μg Fe/ml (81%), with 4-24 hours incubation. Permanent magnets (95%, primarily neodymium) with 0.005-1.45 T induction were used. Magnetic targeting increased local cell concentration by 1.16-20 times in 19 studies and enhanced therapeutic effects in 85% of cases, though one study reported inferior results.

Magnetic cell targeting demonstrates significant potential for enhancing cell therapy efficacy, with improved local cell retention and therapeutic outcomes in diverse disease models. Further research is needed to optimize protocols and expand clinical applications.