Assessing complementary feeding practices using WHO 2021 Indicators: Insights from Delhi's socioeconomic groups

This study explores complementary feeding practices in diverse socioeconomic settings in Delhi, India, focusing on the critical developmental period of children aged 6-23 months.

A cross-sectional survey was conducted with 439 mother-child pairs from urban slum, low-income (LIG), and middle-income (MIG) backgrounds in Delhi's National Capital Territory. Complementary feeding practices were assessed using the latest WHO 2021 IYCF indicators, with statistical analysis carried out via STATA version 17.

The MIG demonstrated better feeding practices compared to urban slum and LIG areas, but all groups exhibited suboptimal complementary feeding practices. Alarmingly low levels of minimum acceptable diet (MAD) were found across all groups, with only 17% of children in MIG, 8.7% in LIG, and 10% in urban slum meeting MAD standards. Over 22% of children consumed unhealthy snacks, and more than 65% did not consume fruits or vegetables the previous day, pointing to significant gaps in diet diversity and nutrient adequacy.

The study underscores the urgent need to address disparities in feeding practices and the growing consumption of unhealthy foods across income groups. Targeted behavior change programs, delivered through accessible platforms, are essential to improving child nutrition and fostering healthy feeding practices, regardless of socioeconomic status.