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Three-dimensional structure of printer toner visualized using cryogenic X-ray diffraction imaging tomography.

Kosei Harada1, Yuki Takayama2, Masayoshi Nakasako1

  • 1Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 223-8522, Japan.

Journal of Synchrotron Radiation
|October 16, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers visualized the 3D structure of printer toner particles using X-ray diffraction imaging tomography. They discovered non-uniform internal structures with silicon dioxide microcrystals acting as cleavage sites.

Keywords:
cryogenic X-ray diffraction imaging tomographynon-crystalline particleprinter tonerthree-dimensional structuretriboelectrification

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology
  • Analytical Chemistry

Background:

  • Printer toner particles are crucial for digital printing but their internal structure is complex.
  • Standard microscopy techniques cannot resolve the distribution of constituents within 5-10 µm toner particles.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To visualize the three-dimensional structure of a single printer toner particle.
  • To understand the internal distribution of constituents and their relationship to particle properties.

Main Methods:

  • Cryogenic X-ray diffraction imaging tomography was employed to analyze a 5 µm toner particle.
  • The particle was rotated, and 313 diffraction patterns were collected to reconstruct electron density distribution.
  • Powder diffraction was used to identify the composition of high-electron-density regions.

Main Results:

  • A 3D electron density map of the toner particle was reconstructed at 141 nm resolution.
  • The toner particle exhibited a non-uniform internal structure and a wedge shape.
  • High-electron-density regions, identified as silicon dioxide microcrystals, were found near the surface and formed a V-shape at the wedge tip.

Conclusions:

  • Silicon dioxide microcrystals likely act as cleavage sites in milled toner particles.
  • The study demonstrates the utility of cryogenic X-ray diffraction imaging tomography for analyzing complex microscale materials.
  • Further research can focus on higher-resolution imaging and correlating structure with printing performance.