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Nutrient allocation fuels T cell-mediated immunity
Joseph Longo1, McLane J Watson1, Kelsey S Williams2
1Department of Metabolism and Nutritional Programming, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA.
Cell Metabolism
|October 16, 2025
Summary
T cell activation relies on metabolic reprogramming, utilizing both glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation. Strategic nutrient allocation fuels optimal T cell proliferation and effector functions, revising the classic model.
Area of Science:
- Immunology
- Cellular Metabolism
Background:
- T cell activation is linked to metabolic reprogramming.
- The classic model focused on glucose-driven aerobic glycolysis (Warburg effect) post-T cell receptor (TCR) stimulation.
- Recent findings suggest this model is oversimplified.
Purpose of the Study:
- To summarize recent advancements in effector T cell metabolism.
- To propose a revised model of T cell metabolic reprogramming.
- To highlight the role of nutrient availability in T cell function.
Main Methods:
- Review of recent studies on T cell metabolism.
- Analysis of nutrient utilization in T cells.
- In vivo and ex vivo studies of T cell metabolism.
Main Results:
- Activated T cells utilize both glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) concurrently.
- Diverse nutrient sources are allocated for distinct biosynthetic and bioenergetic purposes.
- Physiologic nutrient availability impacts glucose allocation for T cell proliferation and effector functions.
Conclusions:
- A revised model posits that effector T cell metabolism involves strategic nutrient allocation.
- This strategic allocation is crucial for optimal T cell-mediated immunity.
- Understanding T cell metabolism is key to enhancing immune responses.
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