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Related Concept Videos

Pulse01:16

Pulse

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When the heart pumps blood out, arterial elastic fibers play a crucial role in sustaining a high-pressure gradient. They expand to accommodate the received blood and then recoil - a process known as the pulse that can be either manually palpated or electronically quantified. Despite a reduction in its effect with increased distance from the heart, elements of the pulse's systolic and diastolic components persist, observable even at the arteriole level.
The pulse serves as a clinical...
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Highly Accelerated Aortic 4D Flow MRI: Implications for Pulse Wave Velocity Measurements.

Bingyi Wang1, Aiqi Sun1,2, Hao Li1

  • 1Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.

Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging : JMRI
|October 17, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Compressed sensing (CS) accelerated 4D flow MRI can overestimate aortic pulse wave velocity (PWV) measurements. The cross-correlation (Xcor) method shows the least bias and highest repeatability for consistent PWV assessment.

Keywords:
4D flowaortacompressed sensingpulse wave velocity

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular imaging
  • Biomarker quantification
  • Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)

Background:

  • Aortic pulse wave velocity (PWV) is a key biomarker for arterial stiffness.
  • Compressed sensing (CS)-accelerated 4D flow MRI offers reduced scan times.
  • The impact of CS acceleration on PWV measurement consistency is not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess PWV calculation method consistency across varying CS acceleration factors (R).
  • To identify the most robust PWV measurement method under CS acceleration.
  • To investigate the specific effects of CS acceleration on PWV values.

Main Methods:

  • Prospective study involving 16 healthy adults (23-39 years).
  • Utilized a 3D Cartesian retrospective ECG-triggered 4D flow sequence at 3T.
  • Acquired data with GRAPPA (R=2) and CS (R=4.4 to 20.5); PWV calculated using five methods (TTf, TTm, Xcor, plane, MLE).

Main Results:

  • All CS reconstructions showed systematic PWV overestimation compared to GRAPPA R=2 (bias +7.7% to +50.5%).
  • The time-to-foot (TTf) method exhibited the largest overestimation.
  • The cross-correlation (Xcor) method demonstrated minimal bias and highest scan-rescan repeatability (ICC up to 0.94).

Conclusions:

  • CS accelerated 4D flow MRI leads to PWV overestimation compared to standard GRAPPA.
  • The Xcor method offers the most reliable and consistent PWV measurements, even at high CS acceleration factors.
  • Xcor method may facilitate more consistent arterial stiffness assessment using accelerated 4D flow MRI.