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Often, psychologists develop surveys as a means of gathering data. Surveys are lists of questions to be answered by research participants, and can be delivered as paper-and-pencil questionnaires, administered electronically, or conducted verbally. Generally, the survey itself can be completed in a short time, and the ease of administering a survey makes it easy to collect data from a large number of people.
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Confounding is a critical issue in epidemiological studies, often leading to misleading conclusions about associations between exposures and outcomes. It occurs when the relationship between the exposure and the outcome is mixed with the effects of other factors that influence the outcome. Given that, addressing confounding is of high importance for drawing accurate inferences in research.
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Community-based interventions in mental health represent a paradigm shift from institution-centered care to treatments embedded within the fabric of local communities. By prioritizing inclusion and leveraging existing societal structures, this approach fosters a supportive environment conducive to addressing mental health challenges while promoting individual dignity and agency.
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Humans are very diverse and although we share many similarities, we also have many differences. The social groups we belong to help form our identities (Tajfel, 1974). These differences may be difficult for some people to reconcile, which may lead to prejudice toward people who are different. Prejudice is a negative attitude and feeling toward an individual based solely on one’s membership in a particular social group (Allport, 1954; Brown, 2010). Prejudice is common against people who...
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Evaluating Methodology for Increasing Diversity in US Residency Training Programs: A Scoping Review.

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Increasing diversity in medical residency programs requires effective strategies. This review found common interventions like holistic reviews but noted a lack of consistent evaluation for their impact on underrepresented in medicine (URiM) representation.

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Education
  • Health Equity
  • Graduate Medical Education

Background:

  • Limited understanding of effective diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) strategies in residency programs.
  • Need for comprehensive review of current interventions to increase representation of populations underrepresented in medicine (URiM).

Purpose of the Study:

  • Synthesize literature on interventions to increase URiM representation in US residency programs.
  • Identify and categorize interventions targeting DEI in graduate medical education.

Main Methods:

  • Scoping review of studies from January 2000 to July 2023.
  • Data extraction from PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Scopus.
  • Categorization of interventions into applicant factors, selection, screening, interviews, and post-interview communication.

Main Results:

  • 27 eligible articles identified from 2683 initial titles/abstracts.
  • Interventions focused on applicant factors (44%), selection (30%), screening (63%), interviews (30%), and post-interview communication (15%).
  • Common effective interventions included holistic reviews, clerkships, and standardized interviews, though isolating individual impact was challenging.

Conclusions:

  • Interventions to increase diversity in residency programs are varied.
  • Current literature lacks consistent evaluation and evidence of effectiveness for many DEI strategies.
  • Further research is needed to validate and refine interventions for URiM representation.