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The Journal of urology·2026
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Gaps in patient-reported outcome measures integration into the management of lower urinary tract symptoms attributed to benign prostatic hyperplasia (LUTS/BPH): qualitative insights for implementation strategies.

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Ultrasonography of the Adult Male Urinary Tract for Urinary Functional Testing
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Do Genetics Predict Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms and Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia?

Alexander P Glaser1, Jianfeng Xu2, Brian T Helfand2

  • 1Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Endeavor Health, Evanston, IL, USA; Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA. Electronic address: https://twitter.com/apglaser.

The Urologic Clinics of North America
|October 17, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) has strong genetic links, with heritability estimates up to 70%. While specific gene mutations remain elusive, genome-wide studies reveal polygenic risk factors for BPH.

Keywords:
Benign prostatic hyperplasiaGeneticsHereditaryLower urinary tract symptomsProstate

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Area of Science:

  • Genetics
  • Urology
  • Men's Health

Background:

  • Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a common condition in aging men.
  • Genetic factors significantly influence BPH development, with heritability estimates between 40%-70%.
  • Previous studies suggested autosomal dominant inheritance, but no single causative gene has been identified.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements in the genetics of benign prostatic hyperplasia.
  • To integrate genetic findings with clinical perspectives on BPH.
  • To propose future research directions for personalized BPH risk assessment.

Main Methods:

  • Review of twin studies and segregation analyses for heritability estimation.
  • Analysis of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) for identifying low-effect variants.
  • Integration of genetic data with clinical insights.

Main Results:

  • Heritability of BPH is substantial (40%-70%), indicating a strong genetic component.
  • No single gene mutation is commonly responsible for BPH or associated lower urinary tract symptoms.
  • Numerous low-effect genetic variants contribute to the polygenic risk of developing BPH.

Conclusions:

  • The genetic architecture of BPH is complex and polygenic.
  • Understanding BPH genetics is crucial for developing personalized risk stratification strategies.
  • Future research should focus on integrating genetic insights for improved BPH management.