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Updated: Jan 14, 2026

Development of a Lateral Flow Immunochromatographic Strip for Rapid and Quantitative Detection of Small Molecule Compounds

Development of a Lateral Flow Immunochromatographic Strip for Rapid and Quantitative Detection of Small Molecule Compounds

Published on: November 13, 2021

One-Step Label-Free Electrochemical Lateral Flow Immunosensor for SARS-CoV‑2 Antigen Detection.

Jakkaphan Kumsab^1,2, Wanwisa Deenin¹, Kanokwan Charoenkitamorn³

¹The Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.

ACS Measurement Science Au

|October 20, 2025

Summary

A new label-free electrochemical antigen test kit (free-EATK) offers rapid, ultrasensitive detection of SARS-CoV-2 N protein. This innovative diagnostic tool achieves high sensitivity and specificity without complex labeling or multiple steps.

Keywords:

SARS-CoV-2 antigen [Ru(NH3)6]3+ mediator electrochemical lateral flow immunoassay label-free one-step

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Area of Science:

Electrochemistry
Biosensing
Infectious Disease Diagnostics

Background:

Conventional COVID-19 antigen tests struggle with sensitivity at low viral loads due to reliance on labeled probes.
There is a need for rapid, ultrasensitive, and simplified diagnostic platforms for early infectious disease detection.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop and validate a label-free electrochemical antigen test kit (free-EATK) for sensitive SARS-CoV-2 N protein detection.
To demonstrate the efficacy of free-EATK as a robust and reproducible diagnostic alternative.

Main Methods:

Integration of a nitrocellulose-coated electrode and a preloaded redox pad for one-step detection.
Utilizing direct anodic square wave voltammetry for signal generation without conjugate pads or labeled probes.
Direct immunocomplex formation at the sensing zone followed by redox mediator diffusion.

Main Results:

Achieved a low detection limit of 0.69 pg/mL for SARS-CoV-2 N protein.
Demonstrated high reproducibility (RSD < 10%) and excellent specificity (100%).
Clinical validation showed a sensitivity of 91.7% across 24 samples.

Conclusions:

The free-EATK provides a simple, robust, and reproducible method for ultrasensitive antigen detection.
This label-free electrochemical approach is suitable for early-stage infectious disease screening, especially in resource-limited settings.
The technology bypasses limitations of conventional labeled assays, offering a practical alternative.