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HCV Core Antigen Diagnostic Performance for Acute/Recent HCV Infection in People With HIV-1: A Systematic Review and
Tsung-Yu Tsai1, Guan-Jhou Chen1,2, Hsin-Yun Sun1
1Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) core antigen (HCVcAg) effectively diagnoses acute HCV infection in people with HIV-1 (PWH). This finding supports integrating HCVcAg into screening protocols for PWH.
Area of Science:
- Virology
- Infectious Diseases
- Public Health
Background:
- Hepatitis C virus (HCV) core antigen (HCVcAg) is a validated marker for HCV infection.
- Its diagnostic utility for acute HCV infection specifically in people with HIV-1 (PWH) requires further evaluation.
Purpose of the Study:
- To systematically review and meta-analyze the diagnostic performance of HCVcAg for acute or recent HCV infection in PWH.
Main Methods:
- A literature search identified studies from January 2020 to May 2024 evaluating HCVcAg diagnostic accuracy.
- Nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs) served as the gold standard.
- Acute/recent HCV infection was defined by negative anti-HCV antibody with positive NAATs or seroconversion within one year.
Main Results:
- Four studies with 1015 participants and 1796 tests met inclusion criteria.
- Pooled sensitivity for HCVcAg was 0.92 (95% CI, 0.78-0.98) and specificity was 0.99 (95% CI, 0.97-1.00).
- Positive and negative predictive values were 0.44 (95% CI, 0.18-1.00) and 1.00 (95% CI, 0.99-1.00), respectively.
Conclusions:
- HCVcAg demonstrates strong diagnostic performance for acute/recent HCV infection in PWH.
- These findings support the incorporation of HCVcAg into HCV screening strategies for PWH.
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