A Multidisciplinary Approach to Treating Hemoptysis from Bronchial Artery-Bronchus Fistula: A Case Report

Bronchovascular fistulas are rare yet lethal conditions capable of causing massive hemoptysis. To date, only one case of a bronchial artery-bronchial fistula has been reported. We report a patient with a bronchial artery-bronchial fistula treated using a multidisciplinary approach, including surgery. An 80-year-old male presented to the emergency department with hemoptysis that had started the previous day. His past history included bronchial artery embolization for massive hemoptysis 13 years prior, and he had been diagnosed with pulmonary thromboembolism and protein C deficiency 6 years ago. The patient underwent two bronchial artery embolizations for the massive hemoptysis, and during the second procedure, a bronchial artery-bronchial fistula was identified. As embolization was deemed ineffective, an emergency bilobectomy was performed. The patient developed Candida empyema as a postoperative complication but was discharged a month after surgery following antifungal treatment.