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Language and Cognition01:27

Language and Cognition

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Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.
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Components of Language01:24

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Language, whether spoken, signed, or written, consists of specific components: lexicon and grammar. The lexicon is the vocabulary of a language, comprising its words. Grammar is the set of rules used to convey meaning through the lexicon. For example, English grammar adds “-ed” to most verbs to indicate past tense. Words are formed by combining phonemes, which are the basic sound units of a language. Different languages have different sets of phonemes (e.g., “ah” vs.
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Language Development01:22

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Children master language quickly and with relative ease, supported by both biological predisposition and reinforcement. B. F. Skinner (1957) proposed that language is learned through reinforcement, while Noam Chomsky (1965) argued that language acquisition mechanisms are biologically determined.
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Impression Management Techniques IV: Altercasting01:14

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Altercasting is a strategic communication technique in which an individual imposes a specific identity or social role onto another person to influence their behavior and shape the interaction. By presuming a role—such as “responsible leader” or “patient person”—altercasting encourages the target to conform to that identity, often aligning their behavior with the expectations associated with the role. The power of this tactic lies in its subtlety; once a role...
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Language01:16

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Language is a unique communication system that uses words and systematic rules to organize and transmit information. Unlike other forms of communication, which may involve postures, movements, odors, or vocalizations, language relies on symbols and grammar. This makes human communication distinct from that of other species, who also communicate but do not use language in the same way humans do.
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Brain lateralization refers to the division of mental processes and functions between the two hemispheres of the brain, a phenomenon that optimizes neural efficiency and underpins complex abilities in humans. This specialization allows each hemisphere to perform tasks where it has a comparative advantage, facilitating more refined cognitive capabilities across different domains.
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Modeling the Bilingual Phonological Idiolect Through a Translanguaging Lens.

Brandon Garivaldo1, Leah Fabiano1

  • 1Department of Communication Science and Disorders, University of Pittsburgh, PA.

American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology
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This study challenges the dual-systems hypothesis by using translanguaging to model bilingual phonology. Network analysis reveals a unitary phonological idiolect, not two separate systems, aiding in accurate speech disorder diagnosis for bilingual children.

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Area of Science:

  • Linguistics
  • Speech-Language Pathology
  • Psycholinguistics

Background:

  • The dual-systems hypothesis posits bilinguals have two separate linguistic systems.
  • Translanguaging offers a new perspective on bilingual language representation.
  • Existing models may not fully capture the complexity of bilingual phonology.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a theoretical model of bilingual phonological representation using translanguaging.
  • To advance the understanding of bilingual phonological idiolects.
  • To build upon the dual-systems model with a more integrated approach.

Main Methods:

  • Analyzed phonetic inventories of 40 bilingual Spanish-English preschoolers.
  • Calculated frequency of sound substitutions.
  • Applied social network analysis to identify networks of phones.

Main Results:

  • Network analysis revealed a unitary phonological idiolect, not two distinct systems.
  • Identified systematic patterns and networks of speech sound substitutions.
  • Developed metrics to predict frequent speech sound substitutions in bilingual children.

Conclusions:

  • Bilingual phonological networks are interactive and complex, not separable into two systems.
  • Network analysis can prevent misdiagnosis of speech sound disorders in bilingual children.
  • Findings support a more integrated view of bilingual phonological representation.