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Designing Automated, High-throughput, Continuous Cell Growth Experiments Using eVOLVER

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Optimizing fitness: plastic flowering time in variable environments.

Wei Dong¹, Yalin Zhang¹, Yue Xing¹

¹College of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, China.

Frontiers in Plant Science

|October 23, 2025

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Environmental stresses significantly impact crop flowering time and yield. Understanding these complex interactions is key to developing resilient crops with stable productivity through advanced breeding strategies.

Keywords:

environmental stress flowering time phytohormone regulation mechanism stress resistance

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Area of Science:

Plant biology
Crop science
Stress physiology

Background:

Flowering time critically influences crop yield and adaptability.
Environmental cues, phytohormones, and genetic networks regulate flowering.
Abiotic and biotic stresses alter flowering phenology via various molecular mechanisms.

Purpose of the Study:

To review recent advances in stress-mediated regulation of flowering time.
To highlight the challenge of balancing stress tolerance with yield stability.
To propose future directions for breeding stress-resilient crops.

Main Methods:

Literature review synthesizing recent research findings.
Analysis of molecular pathways including microRNAs, transcription factors, and hormonal crosstalk.
Discussion of regulatory hubs like abscisic acid (ABA) and gibberellin (GA).

Main Results:

Stresses profoundly reshape flowering phenology through complex molecular interactions.
Phytohormones act as key regulators coordinating stress adaptation and floral transition.
Balancing stress tolerance and yield stability remains a significant challenge.

Conclusions:

Integrating multi-omics data, network modeling, and artificial intelligence can accelerate breeding efforts.
Developing stress-resilient cultivars with stable productivity is crucial for food security.
Future research should focus on deciphering complex stress-flowering interactions for targeted crop improvement.