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Nickel Contact Allergy in an Australian Patch Testing Centre Over 2014-2023.

Thomas R Brasher¹, Amanda Palmer¹, Rosemary Nixon¹

¹Occupational Dermatology Research and Education Centre, Skin Health Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.

The Australasian Journal of Dermatology

|October 25, 2025

Summary

Nickel dermatitis (NiACD) prevalence is decreasing in Australia, while nickel allergy remains stable. This study tracked trends in nickel allergy and NiACD over a decade.

Keywords:

allergic contact dermatitis coins contact allergy cosmetics nickel patch testing

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Area of Science:

Dermatology
Allergology
Epidemiology

Background:

Nickel is the primary cause of allergic contact dermatitis (ACD).
Limited data exists on the prevalence and trends of nickel-related ACD (NiACD) in Australia.
Understanding these trends is crucial for public health initiatives.

Purpose of the Study:

To determine the prevalence and temporal trends of nickel contact allergy.
To investigate the prevalence and trends of nickel-related allergic contact dermatitis (NiACD) in Australia.
To analyze demographic and clinical features associated with NiACD.

Main Methods:

Retrospective audit of 3582 patients patch tested for nickel sulphate allergy (2014-2023).
Assessment of nickel exposure relevance by consultant dermatologists.
Statistical analysis using Pearson's chi-squared and Cochran-Armitage tests for trends.

Main Results:

Nickel contact allergy prevalence was 16.0% (573/3582).
NiACD prevalence was 4.7% (169/3582), showing a significant decreasing trend from 2014-2023 (P=0.0002).
Nickel contact allergy prevalence remained stable; 11.8% of NiACD cases were occupationally related, with high comorbidity rates for atopic dermatitis, asthma, and allergic rhinitis.

Conclusions:

A declining trend in NiACD prevalence was observed in the Australian patient cohort studied.
Nickel contact allergy prevalence remained stable during the study period.
The findings highlight a shift in NiACD epidemiology, potentially influenced by public health measures or environmental factors.