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Related Concept Videos

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Intravenous Regional Anesthesia01:16

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Intravenous Regional Anesthesia

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Intravenous regional anesthesia or the Bier block technique is used to anesthetize a specific limb or extremity. It uses exsanguinated or blood-drained vessels to transport local anesthetics or LAs to the peripheral nerve trunks. Lidocaine without vasoconstrictors like epinephrine is most commonly used for this technique. Other drugs used are prilocaine, ropivacaine, and chloroprocaine. Bupivacaine is not recommended for this technique due to its high cardiac toxicity.
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Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Surface, Infiltration, and Conduction Block Anesthesia01:30

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Depending on the target organ, local anesthetics (LAs) can be administered via various routes. In surface anesthesia, LAs are applied directly to the surface of the skin or mucous membranes. It is widely used for topical skin numbing before venipuncture or minor surgical procedures. Commonly used surface local anesthetics are lidocaine or benzocaine sprays or creams. Surface anesthesia occurs within 5 minutes and lasts for about 60 minutes. One of the main disadvantages of topical anesthesia is...
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Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Spinal Anesthesia01:11

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Spinal anesthetics are given during lower abdomen and limb surgeries to block sensory and motor neurons. They are administered in the mid to low lumbar regions, primarily acting on the cauda equina's nerve roots. The blockade level depends on the local anesthetic (LA) concentration. Usually, low LA concentrations are sufficient to block sensory fibers, while only high LA concentrations block motor fibers. Other factors like injection volume and speed, the patient's posture, and the drug...
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Author Spotlight: Developing Cost-Effective and Durable Ultrasound-Guided 3D-Printed Nerve Block Trainers
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Comprehensive Regional Anesthesia Workshops With Anatomic Ballistic Gel Phantom Task Trainers: A Cost-Effective

Beth A Vander Wielen1, Kathryn S Handlogten1, Andrew Stites1

  • 1The authors are at the Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science in Rochester, MN. , and are Assistant Professors of Anesthesiology in the Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine; is a Simulation Technologist in the Department of Education; is an Assistant Professor of Medical Education and a Simulation Operations Specialist in the Department of Education; is a Program Manager in the Department of Education; is an Assistant Professor of Anesthesiology in the Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine.

The Journal of Education in Perioperative Medicine : JEPM
|October 27, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Low-cost ballistic gel phantoms effectively train novice anesthesiology residents in regional anesthesia nerve blocks. This method significantly improves resident knowledge and confidence in ultrasound-guided procedures.

Keywords:
Task trainergel phantomgraduate medical educationperipheral nerve blockregional anesthesiasimulation-based education

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Area of Science:

  • Anesthesiology
  • Medical Education
  • Regional Anesthesia

Background:

  • Acquiring regional anesthesiology skills requires integrating ultrasound interpretation with manual dexterity.
  • Novice residents face challenges in developing hand-eye coordination and sonoanatomy interpretation simultaneously.
  • Traditional training methods may not adequately address these combined skill requirements.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and evaluate low-cost ballistic gel phantom models for training novice anesthesia residents in interscalene and adductor canal nerve blocks.
  • To assess the impact of these task trainers on resident knowledge and confidence in regional anesthesia.

Main Methods:

  • A single-group preimplementation/postimplementation cohort study was conducted with first-year anesthesiology residents.
  • Residents participated in a workshop featuring lectures, ultrasound scanning, and practice with ballistic gel trainers.
  • Knowledge and confidence were assessed via surveys preworkshop, immediately postworkshop, and at 1 and 4 months.

Main Results:

  • Eighteen residents showed significant immediate postworkshop improvements in confidence (p < .001) and knowledge (p < .003).
  • Knowledge scores remained significantly elevated at 1 and 4 months postworkshop.
  • Confidence levels increased significantly at 1 month but were not sustained at 4 months.

Conclusions:

  • Workshops utilizing anatomic ballistic gel trainers significantly enhance resident confidence and knowledge in nerve blocks.
  • This cost-effective training approach supplements traditional methods, bridging the gap between theory and practice.
  • Ballistic gel phantoms offer a valuable tool for improving regional anesthesia skills acquisition in novice residents.