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Surface Tension, Capillary Action, and Viscosity02:57

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The various IMFs between identical molecules of a substance are examples of cohesive forces. The molecules within a liquid are surrounded by other molecules and are attracted equally in all directions by the cohesive forces within the liquid. However, the molecules on the surface of a liquid are attracted only by about one-half as many molecules. Because of the unbalanced molecular attractions on the surface molecules, liquids contract to form a shape that minimizes the number...
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Solid-Liquid Interface Lubricating Hydrogels for Tendon-Bone Healing.

Pengzhen Zhuang1,2, Liang Chen3, Yu Zhang1,2

  • 1Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, P.R. China.

Research (Washington, D.C.)
|October 27, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

New hydrogels (MnCaP/HS) enhance tendon-bone (TB) healing by providing long-lasting lubrication and improving the regenerative microenvironment. This biomaterial significantly boosts tissue toughness and reduces friction, aiding in TB reconstruction.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Regenerative Medicine
  • Orthopedic Engineering

Background:

  • Tendon-bone (TB) healing relies on solid-liquid interface lubrication, disrupted by tears.
  • Tear-induced stress and friction impair TB healing by disturbing lubrication.
  • Current treatments lack effective solutions for restoring TB lubrication and promoting regeneration.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop novel solid-liquid interface lubrication hydrogels (MnCaP/HS) for tendon-bone (TB) reconstruction.
  • To investigate the lubricating properties and regenerative potential of MnCaP/HS hydrogels.
  • To evaluate the efficacy of MnCaP/HS in improving TB healing and function.

Main Methods:

  • Constructed MnCaP/HS hydrogels by encapsulating calcium manganese phosphate microgels in hyaluronic acid/sodium alginate dual networks.
  • Assessed hydrogel lubrication, toughness, and friction reduction in vitro.
  • Evaluated hydrogel's effect on macrophage anti-inflammation and stem cell differentiation in vitro.
  • Investigated hydrogel's impact on tendon mechanical properties, anti-inflammation, and microstructural reconstruction in vivo.

Main Results:

  • MnCaP/HS increased toughness by 600% and reduced friction coefficient by 60% in vitro.
  • Hydrogels promoted anti-inflammation and cartilage-bone differentiation.
  • In vivo studies showed a 102% increase in maximum load and 75% increase in stiffness.
  • Long-lasting anti-inflammation, scar inhibition, and microstructural reconstruction were observed.

Conclusions:

  • MnCaP/HS hydrogels offer a promising solution for tendon-bone (TB) reconstruction.
  • The hydrogels provide sustained lubrication and create a regenerative microenvironment.
  • This approach facilitates TB healing, enhances mechanical properties, and reduces scarring.