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Related Concept Videos

Herpes01:28

Herpes

Herpes simplex type 1 (HSV‑1) is a widespread pathogen responsible for orolabial lesions. It is an enveloped, double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) virus belonging to the family Herpesviridae. Once the virus infects a host cell, its double‑stranded DNA genome is delivered into the nucleus, where a coordinated cascade of immediate‑early, early, and late gene expression directs viral DNA replication, structural protein synthesis, and virion assembly. After primary infection of epithelial cells, HSV-1...

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Rapid detection of herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 using a G-quadruplex aptamer-based biosensor.

Sepehr Nouri1, Soheil Shajari2, Hassan Mohabatkar3

  • 1Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran. sepehrnouri76@gmail.com.

Virology Journal
|October 28, 2025
PubMed
Summary

A new G-quadruplex aptamer, AptNR88, offers a simple, rapid, and sensitive method for detecting herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 (HSV-1 and HSV-2). This breakthrough simplifies viral detection, overcoming limitations of traditional expensive and time-consuming assays.

Keywords:
AptamerBioinformatics toolsColorimetric assayGold nanoparticlesHerpes simplex virus

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Area of Science:

  • Biotechnology
  • Molecular Diagnostics
  • Virology

Background:

  • Herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 (HSV-1 and HSV-2) are common human pathogens causing oral and genital herpes.
  • Conventional diagnostic methods like ELISA and PCR are costly and slow, necessitating improved detection techniques.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To design and validate a specific G-quadruplex aptamer for the rapid and simple detection of HSV-1 and HSV-2.
  • To develop a novel diagnostic approach utilizing aptamer-functionalized gold nanoparticles.

Main Methods:

  • Bioinformatics tools were used to design a G-quadruplex aptamer targeting the glycoprotein gD of HSV-1 and HSV-2.
  • Aptamer AptNR88 was selected based on stability and molecular docking, then experimentally validated using gold nanoparticles and a colorimetric assay.
  • Optimization of aptamer concentration for salt-induced aggregation resistance was performed.

Main Results:

  • The AptNR88 aptamer demonstrated specific binding to the gD of HSV-1 and HSV-2.
  • A colorimetric shift from red to purple in gold nanoparticles indicated the presence of the virus-aptamer complex within 15 minutes.
  • The limit of detection was as low as 11.7 copies/ml for HSV-1 and 15.7 copies/ml for HSV-2.

Conclusions:

  • The developed G-quadruplex aptamer, AptNR88, provides a highly sensitive and specific diagnostic tool for HSV-1 and HSV-2.
  • This aptamer-based colorimetric assay offers a simple, rapid, and cost-effective alternative to traditional herpes virus detection methods.