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Kidney and Pregnancy: A Comprehensive Review
Luca Piscitani1, Paolo Sipari1, Lorenzo Ottavio Di Pietro1
1Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, Medical Department, San Salvatore Hospital, via Vetoio 1, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy.
Clinics and Practice
|October 28, 2025
Summary
Pregnancy involves significant cardiovascular and renal changes. This review details nephrological conditions during pregnancy, including preeclampsia, HELLP syndrome, and chronic kidney disease, to improve maternal and fetal outcomes.
Area of Science:
- Nephrology
- Obstetrics
- Cardiology
Background:
- Pregnancy induces profound physiological and hemodynamic changes, impacting renal function.
- The heart-kidney axis is critical; dysfunction in one affects the other and associated organs.
- Understanding renal adaptations and potential complications is vital for maternal-fetal health.
Purpose of the Study:
- To compile nephrological conditions arising during pregnancy.
- To review pre-existing renal conditions that may exacerbate during gestation.
- To describe the natural history, treatment, and impact of these conditions on pregnancy.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of nephrological conditions in pregnancy.
- Analysis of common and severe renal complications.
- Examination of impacts on maternal and fetal health outcomes.
Main Results:
- Common conditions include preeclampsia and HELLP syndrome, requiring urgent care.
- Chronic kidney disease increases risks for preterm birth and intrauterine growth restriction.
- Acute renal failure causes include thrombotic microangiopathy and autoimmune conditions.
Conclusions:
- Thorough understanding of pregnancy-related nephrological diseases is essential.
- Effective management of these conditions is crucial for maternal and neonatal survival.
- Early recognition and intervention can mitigate severe maternal-fetal complications.
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