Biocomposite-Based Biomimetic Plate for Alternative Fixation of Proximal Humerus Fractures

Area of Science:

• Biomaterials Science
• Orthopedic Surgery
• Materials Engineering

Background:

• Proximal humerus fractures are common, often treated with metallic plates.
• Metallic implants have drawbacks like corrosion, removal surgeries, and hypersensitivity.
• There is a need for biocompatible, biodegradable alternatives for fracture fixation.

Purpose of the Study:

• To evaluate biocomposite plates made from polylactic acid (PLA) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), reinforced with hydroxyapatite from sugar industry by-products (BCF).
• To assess the mechanical properties, processability, and cytocompatibility of these novel composites for orthopedic applications.
• To compare these biocomposites with conventional metallic implants and other thermoplastics.

Main Methods:

• Fabrication of PLA/BCF and PVA/BCF biocomposites with 10% and 20% BCF.
• Characterization using SEM, FTIR, XRD, and DSC.
• Mechanical testing (tensile strength, stiffness), processability assessment, finite element analysis, and cell viability assays.

Main Results:

• BCF incorporation enhanced strength, stiffness, osteoconductivity, and biocompatibility.
• PLA/BCF composites showed better processability and compatibility with injection molding and 3D printing.
• PVA/BCF composites exhibited higher tensile strength but limited by water solubility.
• Both composites demonstrated controlled biodegradation and cytocompatibility, with optimal BCF concentrations identified.

Conclusions:

• PLA/BCF and PVA/BCF biocomposites are promising sustainable alternatives to metallic implants for proximal humerus fractures.
• These patient-specific implants offer adequate mechanical support and bone regeneration potential.
• The study highlights the potential for utilizing industrial by-products in advanced medical devices.