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Related Concept Videos

The Tumor Microenvironment02:17

The Tumor Microenvironment

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Every normal cell or tissue is embedded in a complex local environment called stroma, consisting of different cell types, a basal membrane, and blood vessels. As normal cells mutate and develop into cancer cells, their local environment also changes to allow cancer progression. The tumor microenvironment (TME) consists of a complex cellular matrix of stromal cells and the developing tumor. The cross-talk between cancer cells and surrounding stromal cells is critical to disrupt normal tissue...
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Scaffolds Mimicking the Tumor Microenvironment for In Vitro Malignancy Models.

Elisabetta Rosellini1, Maria Grazia Cascone1

  • 1Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, Largo Lucio Lazzarino 1, 56122 Pisa, Italy.

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|October 28, 2025
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Three-dimensional (3D) biomimetic scaffolds offer advanced in vitro models for cancer research, improving upon traditional methods by mimicking the tumor microenvironment (TME) for better drug screening.

Keywords:
3D in vitro tumor modelsbiomimetic scaffoldsdecellularized extracellular matrixtumor microenvironment

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Cancer Biology
  • Tissue Engineering

Background:

  • The tumor microenvironment (TME) is critical for cancer progression and drug resistance.
  • Traditional 2D and animal models lack the complexity to accurately predict treatment outcomes.
  • Scaffold-based 3D models offer a more physiologically relevant platform for cancer research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive review of scaffold-based 3D in vitro models for mimicking the TME.
  • To discuss biomimetic scaffold properties and fabrication techniques.
  • To highlight advancements and future directions in TME modeling for personalized cancer therapy.

Main Methods:

  • Review of literature on scaffold-based 3D in vitro models of the TME.
  • Analysis of natural, synthetic, and hybrid biomaterial scaffolds.
  • Discussion of fabrication technologies like electrospinning and 3D bioprinting.
  • Emphasis on incorporating vascular and stromal components.

Main Results:

  • Biomimetic scaffolds can replicate key TME features like composition, stiffness, and porosity.
  • Advanced fabrication techniques enable precise replication of tumor tissue geometry and mechanics.
  • Integration of cellular components enhances the recapitulation of TME complexity.

Conclusions:

  • Scaffold-based 3D models represent a significant advancement over traditional methods for studying the TME.
  • Standardized and reproducible models are crucial for preclinical drug screening and personalized medicine.
  • Further research is needed to fully harness the potential of these models in cancer therapy development.