Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Transmission-based Precautions II: Airborne and Protective Environment01:25

Transmission-based Precautions II: Airborne and Protective Environment

1.8K
Transmission-based precautions are for patients infected or suspected to be infected (or colonized) with organisms posing a significant risk to others. The transmission precautions include airborne and protective environment precautions.
Airborne precautions:
Use airborne precautions when treating patients known or suspected to have diseases that spread through the air—for example, tuberculosis or measles. These organisms are present in smaller droplets expelled by an infected person and...
1.8K
Exercise and Cardiac Output01:17

Exercise and Cardiac Output

1.8K
Regular physical activity is essential for maintaining cardiovascular health, with aerobic exercises being particularly effective. According to the American Heart Association, 150 minutes of moderate to intense aerobic exercise per week is recommended for a healthy heart. Aerobic activities may include brisk walking, running, bicycling, cross-country skiing, and swimming, ideally performed three to five times per week.
Sustained exercise increases the muscles' oxygen demand, which can be...
1.8K
Exercise and Cardiovascular Response01:20

Exercise and Cardiovascular Response

3.9K
Exercise significantly impacts cardiovascular response, which is crucial for understanding patient health and designing effective treatment plans.
Light to moderate physical activity initiates a series of interconnected responses in the body. The heart rate modestly increases in anticipation of the workout, followed by widespread vasodilation as oxygen consumption by skeletal muscles increases. This results in decreased peripheral resistance, increased capillary blood flow, and accelerated...
3.9K
Principle of Equivalence01:18

Principle of Equivalence

2.5K
According to Albert Einstein (1897-1955), free-falling and feeling weightless are intrinsically linked. If a person were in free-fall under gravity, for example, diving towards the Earth from an airplane, they would feel completely weightless. Similarly, a person descending in a lift may feel partially weightless. Broadly speaking, it is assumed that an object in a uniform gravitational field and an object undergoing constant acceleration in the absence of gravity are under the same...
2.5K
Standard Precaution01:26

Standard Precaution

2.7K
Standard precautions are the minimum infection control safeguards used while caring for all patients, irrespective of their disease condition. They help prevent the spread of common infectious microorganisms to healthcare workers, patients, and visitors in all healthcare settings.
Hand hygiene is the most crucial means to prevent the transmission of disease. Employers are legally required to provide their workers with personal protective equipment (PPE) to minimize exposure or contact with...
2.7K
Humoral Immune Responses01:36

Humoral Immune Responses

83.3K
Overview
83.3K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Sports Drinks for Rehydration, Amelioration of Fatigue, and Recovery from Exertion.

Nutrients·2026
Same author

High-Intensity Interval and Aerobic Training Alleviate Cardiac Pathology, Apoptosis, and Atrial Fibrillation in Rats with Chronic Kidney Disease: The Roles of FGF23 and Klotho.

Biomolecules·2026
Same author

Beyond the Neutral Spine: A Narrative Review and Modern Framework for Low Back Injury Prevention in Deadlifting.

Sports (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
Same author

Circadian Phase Shapes Muscle-Derived Extracellular Vesicle microRNA Profiles with Context-Dependent Modulation by Exercise in High-Fat-Diet-Fed Mice.

Nutrients·2026
Same author

Sex differences in IL-6 responses to moderate-intensity aerobic exercise are explained by cycling power output.

Physiological reports·2026
Same author

The Utility of a Small Animal Grip Strength Measurement Device as a Model for Studying Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage.

Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland)·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 13, 2026

Exploring the Effects of Spaceflight on Mouse Physiology using the Open Access NASA GeneLab Platform
11:08

Exploring the Effects of Spaceflight on Mouse Physiology using the Open Access NASA GeneLab Platform

Published on: January 13, 2019

12.8K

Physical Activity Guidelines for Astronauts: An Immunological Perspective.

Amirhossein Ahmadi Hekmatikar1, Katsuhiko Suzuki2

  • 1Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Humanities, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran 10600, Iran.

Biomolecules
|October 29, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Structured exercise can boost astronaut immune health during spaceflight. Tailored physical activity guidelines focusing on moderate-to-vigorous intensity and immune monitoring are crucial for long-duration missions.

Keywords:
NASAimmunomodulationinflammationphysical activity

More Related Videos

Culturing Lymphocytes in Simulated Microgravity Using a Rotary Cell Culture System
09:28

Culturing Lymphocytes in Simulated Microgravity Using a Rotary Cell Culture System

Published on: August 25, 2022

3.5K
Reduced-gravity Environment Hardware Demonstrations of a Prototype Miniaturized Flow Cytometer and Companion Microfluidic Mixing Technology
13:59

Reduced-gravity Environment Hardware Demonstrations of a Prototype Miniaturized Flow Cytometer and Companion Microfluidic Mixing Technology

Published on: November 13, 2014

14.1K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 13, 2026

Exploring the Effects of Spaceflight on Mouse Physiology using the Open Access NASA GeneLab Platform
11:08

Exploring the Effects of Spaceflight on Mouse Physiology using the Open Access NASA GeneLab Platform

Published on: January 13, 2019

12.8K
Culturing Lymphocytes in Simulated Microgravity Using a Rotary Cell Culture System
09:28

Culturing Lymphocytes in Simulated Microgravity Using a Rotary Cell Culture System

Published on: August 25, 2022

3.5K
Reduced-gravity Environment Hardware Demonstrations of a Prototype Miniaturized Flow Cytometer and Companion Microfluidic Mixing Technology
13:59

Reduced-gravity Environment Hardware Demonstrations of a Prototype Miniaturized Flow Cytometer and Companion Microfluidic Mixing Technology

Published on: November 13, 2014

14.1K

Area of Science:

  • Spaceflight immunology
  • Exercise physiology
  • Astronaut health

Background:

  • Spaceflight causes immune dysregulation, including impaired lymphocyte function and chronic inflammation.
  • Current exercise protocols prioritize musculoskeletal and cardiovascular health, neglecting immune system impacts.
  • Long-duration space missions necessitate countermeasures for immune resilience.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the immunological effects of exercise in spaceflight.
  • To propose a framework for immune-focused physical activity guidelines for astronauts.
  • To enhance astronaut health and mission success through tailored exercise protocols.

Main Methods:

  • Literature synthesis of current evidence on exercise and spaceflight immunology.
  • Analysis of exercise intensity, modality, and immune mediator roles (e.g., exerkines).
  • Development of a novel framework for immune-focused exercise guidelines.

Main Results:

  • Exercise intensity and type significantly influence immune responses.
  • Moderate-to-vigorous chronic exercise enhances immune surveillance and reduces inflammation.
  • Exerkines like IL-15, IL-7, and irisin mediate exercise-induced immunomodulation.

Conclusions:

  • Integrating immune health into exercise guidelines is a critical paradigm shift for astronaut care.
  • A structured framework including aerobic, resistance, and HIIT, with monitoring, can improve resilience.
  • Immune-focused countermeasures are essential for safeguarding astronaut health on deep-space missions.