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Circadian Phase Determines Tissue-Specific Adaptations to Long-Term Exercise in Obese Mice.

Shuo Wang1, Ziwei Zhang1, Jiapeng Huang1

  • 1Graduate School of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa 359-1192, Japan.

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Summary

Long-term exercise timing impacts metabolic health. Active-phase training improved lipid metabolism and lowered triglycerides, while rest-phase training boosted liver fat oxidation in obese mice.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Metabolic adaptations
  • Circadian biology
  • Exercise physiology

Background:

  • Exercise and circadian rhythms are closely linked.
  • The impact of long-term exercise timing on metabolic adaptations in obesity is not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate time-of-day-dependent metabolic adaptations to long-term exercise in obese mice.
  • To explore the effects of exercise timing on lipid metabolism and hepatic oxidative capacity.

Main Methods:

  • Male C57BL/6 mice on a high-fat diet underwent 8 weeks of treadmill training during either the early rest (ZT3) or early active (ZT15) phase.
  • Sedentary controls were maintained.
  • Plasma triglycerides and glucose, liver, and epididymal white adipose tissue (EPI) were analyzed post-fasting.

Main Results:

  • Active-phase exercise (ZT15) significantly reduced plasma triglycerides compared to sedentary and rest-phase exercised mice.
  • Rest-phase exercise (ZT3) showed lower hepatic triglyceride content and reduced lipid accumulation compared to ZT15.
  • Exercise suppressed lipogenesis (Fasn expression) in EPI, while hepatic Cpt1a expression indicated enhanced oxidative capacity, particularly in ZT3-trained mice.

Conclusions:

  • Long-term exercise elicits phase-dependent adaptations in lipid metabolism.
  • Active-phase exercise promotes lipid mobilization and reduces plasma triglycerides.
  • Rest-phase exercise enhances hepatic oxidative capacity, suggesting a 'tissue × time' framework for optimizing exercise timing in metabolic disorders.