Primary adrenal leiomyosarcoma

Area of Science:

• Oncology
• Pathology
• Radiology

Background:

• Primary adrenal leiomyosarcoma is an exceptionally rare soft tissue neoplasm originating from adrenal vascular smooth muscle.
• Fewer than 50 cases have been documented globally, emphasizing its rarity.
• Non-specific clinical presentations and lack of hormonal activity frequently result in delayed diagnosis.

Purpose of the Study:

• To report a rare case of primary adrenal leiomyosarcoma in a young adult female.
• To illustrate the diagnostic and management pathway for this uncommon adrenal tumor.
• To contribute to the limited literature on adrenal leiomyosarcoma outcomes.

Main Methods:

• Case report of a patient diagnosed with adrenal leiomyosarcoma.
• Diagnostic imaging utilized included computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
• Histopathological examination and immunohistochemistry confirmed the diagnosis, followed by surgical resection.

Main Results:

• A large adrenal mass was identified in a woman in her early 30s presenting with abdominal pain.
• The tumor was successfully surgically resected.
• The patient remained recurrence-free at the 13-month follow-up mark.

Conclusions:

• Primary adrenal leiomyosarcoma requires a high index of suspicion despite its rarity.
• Multimodality imaging and definitive histopathological analysis are crucial for diagnosis.
• Surgical resection can be an effective treatment, leading to favorable outcomes in select cases.