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Related Concept Videos

Adrenal Gland Disorders01:27

Adrenal Gland Disorders

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Adrenal gland disorders manifest when the production of adrenal hormones deviates from the norm, resulting in either excessive or insufficient concentrations.
Adrenal insufficiency, characterized by insufficient cortisol and aldosterone production, leads to conditions like Addison's disease. This disorder, affecting the adrenal cortex, exhibits symptoms such as skin bronzing, dehydration, low blood pressure, fatigue, and weight loss. Congenital adrenal hyperplasia, a genetic ailment causing...
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Cushing Syndrome II: Pathophysiology01:19

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Cortisol production is normally governed by the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, which maintains hormonal balance through tightly regulated feedback mechanisms. Disruption of this regulatory system is central to the development of Cushing syndrome, whether the excess cortisol originates from external medications or internal pathology. Persistent cortisol elevation alters metabolism, immune function, and endocrine signaling, producing the characteristic clinical features...
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A Novel Method: Super-selective Adrenal Venous Sampling
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Primary adrenal leiomyosarcoma.

Syed Muhammad Nazim1, Muhammad Hummam Siddique2, Imran Khan Jalbani2

  • 1Surgery (Urology Section), The Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan muhammad.nazim@aku.edu.

BMJ Case Reports
|October 29, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Primary adrenal leiomyosarcoma, a rare smooth muscle tumor, often presents with vague symptoms, delaying diagnosis. This case highlights successful surgical resection in a young woman, with no recurrence observed 13 months post-operation.

Keywords:
Adrenal disordersEndocrine cancerIncidencePathologyUrological cancer

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Pathology
  • Radiology

Background:

  • Primary adrenal leiomyosarcoma is an exceptionally rare soft tissue neoplasm originating from adrenal vascular smooth muscle.
  • Fewer than 50 cases have been documented globally, emphasizing its rarity.
  • Non-specific clinical presentations and lack of hormonal activity frequently result in delayed diagnosis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To report a rare case of primary adrenal leiomyosarcoma in a young adult female.
  • To illustrate the diagnostic and management pathway for this uncommon adrenal tumor.
  • To contribute to the limited literature on adrenal leiomyosarcoma outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Case report of a patient diagnosed with adrenal leiomyosarcoma.
  • Diagnostic imaging utilized included computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
  • Histopathological examination and immunohistochemistry confirmed the diagnosis, followed by surgical resection.

Main Results:

  • A large adrenal mass was identified in a woman in her early 30s presenting with abdominal pain.
  • The tumor was successfully surgically resected.
  • The patient remained recurrence-free at the 13-month follow-up mark.

Conclusions:

  • Primary adrenal leiomyosarcoma requires a high index of suspicion despite its rarity.
  • Multimodality imaging and definitive histopathological analysis are crucial for diagnosis.
  • Surgical resection can be an effective treatment, leading to favorable outcomes in select cases.