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Placebo and nocebo effects significantly impact motor functions in various conditions, including movement disorders. Research highlights their influence on brain activity and symptom modulation, particularly in Parkinson disease.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychology
  • Movement Disorders

Background:

  • Placebo and nocebo effects influence motor functions in sports and pathological conditions, notably movement disorders.
  • Studies on Parkinson disease show these effects modulate motor/non-motor symptoms and brain activity, including dopaminergic release.
  • Knowledge on placebo/nocebo effects in other movement disorders is limited, often termed 'placebo response' in clinical trials.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the impact of placebo and nocebo effects on motor functions within movement disorders.
  • To review the current understanding of these effects in pathological motor conditions.
  • To identify the neural underpinnings of placebo and nocebo effects in the motor domain.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on placebo and nocebo effects in movement disorders.
  • Analysis of randomized control studies focusing on motor functions.
  • Examination of neuroimaging studies investigating brain activity modulation.

Main Results:

  • Placebo and nocebo effects modulate motor functions and symptoms in movement disorders.
  • These effects involve alterations in subcortical and cortical brain regions within the motor control network.
  • Placebo administration can trigger dopaminergic release in Parkinson disease.

Conclusions:

  • Placebo and nocebo effects are significant in movement disorders, influencing motor control.
  • Further research is needed to fully understand these phenomena in conditions beyond Parkinson disease.
  • The motor control network is critically involved in mediating placebo and nocebo responses.