The Neuropathies of Vasculitis

Vasculitic neuropathies are a group of disorders characterized by inflammation and destruction of vessel walls, resulting in nerve ischemic injury that leads to acute-to-subacute sensory and motor deficits. This can arise from systemic inflammation or be confined to the peripheral nervous system. Causes include primary systemic vasculitis, secondary vasculitis associated with connective tissue disorders, viral infections, paraneoplastic and drug-induced reactions, and nonsystemic vasculitic neuropathy. Early recognition and prompt treatment are essential to mitigate the morbidity and mortality associated with these disorders. This review provides an update on the classification, diagnosis, and treatment of vasculitic neuropathies.