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All radioactive nuclides emit high-energy particles or electromagnetic waves. When this radiation encounters living cells, it can cause heating, break chemical bonds, or ionize molecules. The most serious biological damage results when these radioactive emissions fragment or ionize molecules. For example, α and β particles emitted from nuclear decay reactions possess much higher energies than ordinary chemical bond energies. When these particles strike and penetrate matter, they...
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Characterization of Recombination Effects in a Liquid Ionization Chamber Used for the Dosimetry of a Radiosurgical Accelerator
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Measurement of Imaging Dose in 2D kV Image Guided Radiotherapy Using Indigenously Developed Portable Free Air

Rahul Kumar Chaudhary1, Sudhir Kumar1,2, Mahendra More3

  • 1Radiological Physics and Advisory Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.

Journal of Medical Physics
|October 30, 2025
PubMed
Summary

This study measured kilovoltage imaging dose in radiotherapy using a new free air ionization chamber (FAIC). The FAIC and a diagnostic detector showed lower air kerma values than literature, suggesting potential dose reduction through protocol optimization.

Keywords:
Free air ionization chamberimage-guided radiotherapyimaging protocolpatient dose

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Physics
  • Radiotherapy Dosimetry

Background:

  • Accurate measurement of imaging dose is crucial for patient safety in image-guided radiotherapy.
  • Existing methods may have limitations in precision or accessibility.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To measure the imaging dose in 2D kilovoltage (kV) image-guided radiotherapy.
  • To evaluate the performance of an in-house developed free air ionization chamber (FAIC).

Main Methods:

  • Utilized an in-house developed FAIC and a commercial shadow-free diagnostic (SFD) detector.
  • Positioned dosimeters at 100 cm from the x-ray focal spot with a 26.6 cm × 20 cm field size.
  • Irradiated using standard head, abdomen, pelvis, and extremity protocols, measuring air kerma per unit mAs.

Main Results:

  • The FAIC and SFD measurements showed good agreement within measurement uncertainty.
  • Measured air kerma values were approximately 42% lower than those reported in existing literature.
  • This indicates a potential discrepancy or overestimation in previously reported values.

Conclusions:

  • The developed FAIC is a reliable tool for measuring kV imaging dose.
  • Current imaging protocols may deliver higher doses than necessary.
  • Optimizing exposure parameters based on patient anatomy could further reduce patient imaging dose.