Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Muscles that Move the Head01:19

Muscles that Move the Head

5.5K
The muscles that move the head are a dynamic and complex group of structures that work together to facilitate a wide range of head movements, including rotation, flexion, extension, and lateral bending.
The bilateral sternocleidomastoid, or SCM, and the suprahyoid and infrahyoid muscles are significant head flexors. The SCM muscles originate at the sternum and clavicle and attach to the mastoid process of the temporal bone. The SCM contracts bilaterally to bend the head forward, whereas...
5.5K
Equilibrium and Balance01:15

Equilibrium and Balance

6.2K
The inner ear assumes dual functionalities of auditory perception and equilibrium maintenance. The vestibule is the organ responsible for balance. This organ contains mechanoreceptors, specifically hair cells, endowed with stereocilia, which aid in deciphering information regarding the position and motion of our heads. Two intrinsic components, the utricle and saccule, help perceive head position, while the semicircular canals track head movement. Neurological messages initiated in the...
6.2K
Veins of Head and Neck01:19

Veins of Head and Neck

5.1K
The blood drainage from the head and neck is primarily managed by three pairs of veins: the external jugular, internal jugular, and vertebral veins. The external jugular veins drain superficial scalp and face structures, passing over the sternocleidomastoid muscles to empty into the subclavian veins.
On the other hand, the vertebral veins, unlike their arterial counterparts, are not primarily responsible for brain drainage. Instead, they drain the cervical vertebrae, spinal cord, and some small...
5.1K
Cranial and Spinal Meninges01:19

Cranial and Spinal Meninges

3.5K
The cranial and spinal meninges are complex protective structures surrounding the central nervous system (CNS), consisting of the brain and spinal cord. These meninges consist of the dura mater, the arachnoid mater, and the pia mater. They protect the CNS, provide structural support, and aid in circulating cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).
Cranial Meninges
These meningeal layers cover the cranium. The dura mater is the outermost layer of cranial meninges. It is a thick and durable membrane of dense...
3.5K
Cranial Nerves: Types Part II01:22

Cranial Nerves: Types Part II

4.5K
Cranial nerves are responsible for transmitting motor and sensory information between the brain and various parts of the body. There are twelve pairs of cranial nerves. While the first six innervate the head and neck, the latter six nerves innervate the head and neck, as well as organs and tissues in the thoracic and abdominal cavities. They facilitate communication, expression, and autonomic control within the human body.
Facial Nerve (Cranial Nerve VII)
Cranial nerve VII, or the facial nerve,...
4.5K
Pathophysiology of Vomiting01:22

Pathophysiology of Vomiting

2.7K
Vomiting is a complex physiological response to expel harmful or irritating substances from the body. It's a defensive mechanism triggered by stimuli like poisons, microbial toxins, cytotoxic drugs, and mechanical abdominal distension. The process is centrally coordinated by the vomiting (or emetic) center located in the medulla of the brainstem. This area, rich in muscarinic M1, histamine H1, neurokinin 1 (NK1), and serotonin 5-HT3 receptors, coordinates the act of vomiting through...
2.7K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Psychological and Physical Readiness Profiles for Return to Sport in Patients After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: An Analysis of 822 Patients.

Orthopaedic journal of sports medicine·2026
Same author

Refractory Shock in Pediatric Emergency Departments: Challenges and Innovations in Early Escalation: A Narrative Review.

Sage open pediatrics·2026
Same author

Podium Abstracts Presented at the 2025 Annual Meeting of the Arthroscopy Association of North America.

Arthroscopy : the journal of arthroscopic & related surgery : official publication of the Arthroscopy Association of North America and the International Arthroscopy Association·2026
Same author

Pediatric trauma management in low-resource emergency departments: from first contact to safe disposition - a narrative review.

International journal of emergency medicine·2026
Same author

Tranexamic Acid in Pediatric Care: A Comprehensive Overview.

The journal of pediatric pharmacology and therapeutics : JPPT : the official journal of PPAG·2026
Same author

Breast-Conserving Surgery Versus Modified Radical Mastectomy in the Management of Non-metastatic Inflammatory Breast Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Cureus·2025
Same journal

Preface.

Physical medicine and rehabilitation clinics of North America·2026
Same journal

Pain Unbound: A Comprehensive Review.

Physical medicine and rehabilitation clinics of North America·2026
Same journal

Dual Frontiers Cancer and Palliative Care.

Physical medicine and rehabilitation clinics of North America·2026
Same journal

Pain Management Across Special Populations: Pediatrics, Geriatrics, and Pregnancy.

Physical medicine and rehabilitation clinics of North America·2026
Same journal

Healing from Within: Regenerative Medicine in Pain Therapy.

Physical medicine and rehabilitation clinics of North America·2026
Same journal

The Brain in Pain: Exploring Central Pain Disorders.

Physical medicine and rehabilitation clinics of North America·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 12, 2026

Author Spotlight: Minimally Invasive Relief for Occipital Neuralgia at the Nuchal Line
04:06

Author Spotlight: Minimally Invasive Relief for Occipital Neuralgia at the Nuchal Line

Published on: September 13, 2024

3.1K

Cervicogenic Headache.

Karim Fahmy1, Edward Chang2, Charles Adams3

  • 1Hoag Spine Institute, 510 Superior Avenue #290, Newport Beach, CA 92663, USA.

Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Clinics of North America
|October 30, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Diagnosing cervicogenic headache (CGH) can be challenging. This review aids clinicians in identifying CGH and outlines evidence-based treatments, with most cases resolving through conservative care and physical therapy.

Keywords:
Cervical spondylosisCervicogenic headacheFacet-mediated painMedial branch blockNeck painRadiofrequency ablationThird occipital nerve

More Related Videos

3D-Neuronavigation In Vivo Through a Patient's Brain During a Spontaneous Migraine Headache
10:39

3D-Neuronavigation In Vivo Through a Patient's Brain During a Spontaneous Migraine Headache

Published on: June 2, 2014

18.7K
Measurement & Analysis of the Temporal Discrimination Threshold Applied to Cervical Dystonia
10:05

Measurement & Analysis of the Temporal Discrimination Threshold Applied to Cervical Dystonia

Published on: January 27, 2018

10.2K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 12, 2026

Author Spotlight: Minimally Invasive Relief for Occipital Neuralgia at the Nuchal Line
04:06

Author Spotlight: Minimally Invasive Relief for Occipital Neuralgia at the Nuchal Line

Published on: September 13, 2024

3.1K
3D-Neuronavigation In Vivo Through a Patient's Brain During a Spontaneous Migraine Headache
10:39

3D-Neuronavigation In Vivo Through a Patient's Brain During a Spontaneous Migraine Headache

Published on: June 2, 2014

18.7K
Measurement & Analysis of the Temporal Discrimination Threshold Applied to Cervical Dystonia
10:05

Measurement & Analysis of the Temporal Discrimination Threshold Applied to Cervical Dystonia

Published on: January 27, 2018

10.2K

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Pain Medicine
  • Physical Therapy

Background:

  • Cervicogenic headache (CGH) presents diagnostic challenges.
  • Distinguishing CGH from other headache types is crucial for effective management.
  • Interventional procedures are often necessary for definitive diagnosis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To outline the clinical presentation and workup for diagnosing CGH.
  • To review evidence and outcomes for various treatment options.
  • To guide physicians in developing patient management plans.

Main Methods:

  • Review of clinical presentation and diagnostic workup for CGH.
  • Analysis of evidence supporting different treatment modalities.
  • Discussion of outcomes for conservative and interventional treatments.

Main Results:

  • Key clinical features and diagnostic criteria for CGH are highlighted.
  • Conservative care and physical therapy are effective for most CGH cases.
  • Severe or chronic CGH may necessitate intervention by spine specialists.

Conclusions:

  • Accurate diagnosis of CGH relies on careful clinical evaluation and potentially diagnostic procedures.
  • A tiered approach to treatment, starting with conservative measures, is recommended.
  • Interventional spine expertise is valuable for refractory CGH cases.