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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 12, 2026

Standardized Hemorrhagic Shock Induction Guided by Cerebral Oximetry and Extended Hemodynamic Monitoring in Pigs
07:51

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Pulse Rate Variability Analysis During Hemorrhage in an Experimental Porcine Model.

Gabriel P Bonvillain1, Lauren D Crimmins-Pierce1, Md Abul Hayat2

  • 1Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas.

Medical Research Archives
|October 31, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Pulse rate variability, derived from arterial pressure, can detect acute hemorrhage. This method shows promise for diagnosing blood loss by analyzing changes in autonomic nervous system activity.

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Last Updated: Jan 12, 2026

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Area of Science:

  • Physiology
  • Autonomic Nervous System
  • Hemorrhage Detection

Background:

  • Autonomic nervous system activity mediates the initial response to hemorrhage.
  • Detecting autonomic nervous system activity may enable acute blood volume changes detection.
  • Previous studies suggest heart rate variability can detect acute hemorrhage in pigs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate pulse rate variability (PRV) from peripheral arterial pressure waveforms for hemorrhage detection in a porcine model.
  • To assess PRV as a surrogate for heart rate variability in hemorrhage detection.

Main Methods:

  • Peripheral arterial pressure waveforms were collected from four pigs before, during, and after hemorrhage.
  • Percent changes in PRV metrics were analyzed for 15-minute and 5-minute intervals.
  • One-Way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) at a 0.05 significance level assessed PRV sensitivity.

Main Results:

  • Hemorrhage onset increased standard deviation, RMSE, LF power, HF power, total power, and LF/HF ratio.
  • A decrease in these metrics was observed at hemorrhage conclusion.
  • Low frequency power and the LF/HF ratio demonstrated the highest sensitivity to hemorrhage level changes.

Conclusions:

  • PRV metrics from arterial pressure waveforms show potential for diagnosing acute hemorrhage.
  • This non-invasive method could aid in real-time blood loss monitoring.