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Area of Science:

  • Physics
  • Thermodynamics
  • Nanoscale Science

Background:

  • Radiative heat transfer in the extreme near-field regime (<10 nm) is poorly understood.
  • Experimental results conflict with theoretical predictions, particularly fluctuational electrodynamics.
  • The validity of fluctuational electrodynamics in this regime is under active debate.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To experimentally measure radiative heat transfer in the transition between near-field and extreme near-field regimes.
  • To compare experimental findings with predictions from fluctuational electrodynamics theory.
  • To investigate the accuracy of current theories in the extreme near-field regime.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a near-field scanning thermal microscope (SNIM) with a temperature sensor as a heat flux sensor.
  • Performed radiative heat transfer measurements between a gold-coated sphere and a gold film.
  • Investigated the regime just before sample contact, spanning near-field to extreme near-field distances.

Main Results:

  • Observed excellent agreement with fluctuational electrodynamics predictions in the near-field regime.
  • Measured a highly increased radiative heat flux in the extreme near-field regime.
  • Experimental heat fluxes were approximately 100 times larger than theoretical predictions in the extreme near-field.

Conclusions:

  • Fluctuational electrodynamics theory accurately predicts radiative heat transfer in the near-field regime.
  • The theory fails to capture radiative heat transfer in the extreme near-field regime (<10 nm).
  • Significant deviations indicate the need for revised theoretical models for nanoscale heat transfer.