Microencapsulation technology by nature: Cell derived extracellular vesicles with therapeutic potential.

Area of Science:

• Biotechnology
• Cell Biology
• Nanomedicine

Background:

• Cell-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) are phospholipid bilayer-enclosed nanoparticles released by cells.
• EVs function as natural delivery platforms for molecular information, impacting physiological and pathological processes.
• Their size is comparable to microbes, enabling interaction with cellular systems.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the therapeutic applications of natural, cell-derived EVs in human diseases.
• To explore the potential of EVs as drug delivery vehicles and biomarkers.
• To draw lessons from EV biology for designing future drug delivery systems.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of studies on cell-derived extracellular vesicles.
• Analysis of the role of EVs in physiological and pathological processes.
• Comparison of EVs with current drug delivery systems like liposomes.

Main Results:

• Extracellular vesicles play critical roles in various diseases, acting as biomarkers and pathogenic factors.
• EVs are recognized for their therapeutic potential as delivery vehicles.
• Natural EVs share similarities with synthetic drug delivery systems, such as liposomes.

Conclusions:

• Cell-derived extracellular vesicles represent promising therapeutic agents and targets.
• Understanding EV mechanisms can inform the development of advanced drug delivery systems.
• Further exploration of EV release and function is crucial for therapeutic innovation.