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Circulating mRNA as an inflammatory biomarker in head and neck cancer
Liu Yanxi1, Rabiatul Basria S M N Mydin1, Muhamad Yusri Musa2
1Department of Biomedical Science, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 13200 Kepala Batas, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia.
Background:
Circulating mRNA has emerged as a promising biomarker in head and neck cancer (HNC). These molecules provide real-time insight into the inflammatory tumour microenvironment and systemic immune modulation. Understanding inflammation-related circulating mRNAs can help link tumour biology with clinical outcomes.
Key Findings:
Circulating mRNAs, often encapsulated within exosomes or apoptotic bodies, mirror key inflammatory events in the TME. They not only indicate tumour-driven inflammation but may also influence disease progression. Several transcripts such as IL6, IL10, TNFα, and HMOX1 have been associated with angiogenesis, immune evasion, and poor treatment response. Emerging evidence further supports their role as predictors of recurrence and therapy resistance.
Conclusion:
Circulating mRNAs reflect dynamic changes in the body's immune system and contribute to tumour progression and treatment resistance. Inflammation-related circulating mRNAs hold both diagnostic and therapeutic potential in HNC, serving as indicators of tumour-associated inflammation and possible targets for anti-inflammatory or immune-modulatory therapies. Integrating circulating mRNA profiling with multi-omics approaches may deepen understanding of molecular interactions and advance precision oncology.
