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Comparison Between Emerging and Conventional Methods for Edible Oils Bleaching.

Elahe Abedi¹, Hamid-Reza Akhavan², Seyed Mohammad Bagher Hashemi¹

¹Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture Fasa University Fasa Iran.

Food Science & Nutrition

|November 3, 2025

Summary

Industrial oil bleaching with acid-activated clay causes significant drawbacks. Novel methods like ultrasound and microwave-assisted bleaching offer cost-effective, efficient alternatives for oil purification.

Keywords:

cost–benefit friendly environment novel bleaching method reduced clay consumption

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Area of Science:

Food Science
Chemical Engineering
Materials Science

Background:

Industrial oil bleaching (IB) traditionally uses acid-activated clay, leading to issues like long filtration times, oil loss, and waste generation.
High temperatures and extended periods in IB contribute to triacylglycerol degradation, increased oil acidity, and undesirable byproduct formation.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate and compare the effectiveness of traditional industrial bleaching methods with emerging technologies for oil purification.
To highlight the drawbacks of current industrial oil bleaching practices and explore innovative alternatives.

Main Methods:

Review of adsorption isotherms (Freundlich, Langmuir), kinetic studies (pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order), and thermodynamic analyses.
Comparison of conventional acid-activated clay bleaching with emerging methods such as ultrasound (US), microwave (MW), high-voltage electric field (HVEF), and membrane (MB) assisted bleaching.

Main Results:

Acid-activated clay bleaching results in prolonged filtration, oil loss, and environmental concerns.
Emerging technologies show potential to enhance sorption capacity, reduce adsorbent quantity, and lower processing time and temperature.
Adsorption processes are characterized by heterogeneous multilayer adsorption, with kinetics often following pseudo-first or pseudo-second order models.

Conclusions:

Novel bleaching technologies offer promising, cost-effective alternatives to traditional acid-activated clay methods.
These advanced techniques can mitigate the environmental impact and operational inefficiencies associated with conventional oil bleaching.
The thermodynamic analysis indicates that the bleaching processes are endothermic and spontaneous, driven by entropy gains.